Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When synchronous cells of the eucaryotic microorganism Chlorella sorokiniana growing in nitrate medium were challenged to synthesize an ammonium-inducible nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) at frequent intervals during the cell cycle the initial rate of induction (i.e., enzyme potential) of this enzyme increased in an approximately linear manner until the period of DNA replication (i.e., S phase). During the S phase, NADP-GDH potential exhibited a positive rate change proportional to the step increase in DNA level. The timing of this rate change was insensitive to large changes in cellular growth rate. This rate change could be blocked within the first cell cycle by specific inhibition of DNA replication with 2'-deoxyadenosine. The approximately linear increase in NADP-GDH potential and also of total cellular protein observed before and after the S phase is proposed to be a result of the increasing photosynthetic capacity of the cell during the cell cycle.
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PMID:Regulation of initial rate of induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-specific glutamate dehydrogenase during the cell cycle of synchronous Chlorella. 2 62

Biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans resulted in a 70% increase of the protein content and increased levels of free and bound aspartate, glutamate, serine, leucine and methionine. Likewise, the activities of NADP+ glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD+ gluatmate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased. The total RNA content increased while the DNA content was unaffected. The rRNA/tRNA ratio remained higher in biotin-deficient cells. Supplementation of glutamate, aspartate, serine, leucine and methionine to the culture medium raised the rRNA/tRNA ratio, and the difference observed in the qualitative and the quantitative patterns of protein and dry cell mass between normal and biotin-deficient cultures was abolished.
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PMID:Factors affecting protein synthesis during biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans. 4 77

Changes in some values of protein metabolism in the heart muscle (the activity of myosin ATPase, leucilaminopeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as the content of SH-groups, urea, RNA and DNA) were studied by histochemical methods in the parts of the myocardium remote from the zone of the ligated coronary artery. Disorders in the metabolism of nucleic acids were found to consist in nuclear polymorphism and in the development of regressive changes in some nuclei down to necrobiosis as well as in a decrease of the RNA content within the first 12 hours after ligation of the coronary artery. Subsequently, the amount of RNA increased. An increase in the amount of SH-groups, in the activity of leucilaminopeptidase and a decrease in the amount of glutamate dehydrogenase, formation of crystals of xanthhydrolurea as well as in increase in the activity of myosin ATP-ase early in the experiment attest to the occurrence of heterogeneous disorders of protein metabolism in parts of the myocardium beyond the infarction zone.
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PMID:[Histochemical data on changes of various indicators of protein metabolism in the myocardium beyond the infarct zone]. 15 40

Seventeen strains of the new species Bacillus azotoformans were isolated by enrichment culture in peptone broth inoculated with pasteurized soil and then incubated under N2O at 32 degrees C. The bacterium is a Gram-negative rod, motile with peritrichous flagella, which produces oval spores without exosporia in swollen sporangia. However, the cells have thick walls, mesosomes, and persistent septa characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria. The bacterium lacks fermentative activity, does not attack carbohydrates, has complex growth requirements, and will grow anaerobically only if one of the following electron acceptors is present: NO3-, NO2-, N2O, S4O6--, or fumarate. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with the production of N2. The microorganism is mesophilic, gives a positive oxidase reaction, synthesizes a type c cytochrome, and does not hydrolyse gelatin, starch, or "Tween 80." Poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid is snythesized when the bacterium is grown in a medium containing DL-3-hydroxybutyrate. The following enzymes are present: nitrate reductase A, respiratory nitrite reductase, tetrathionate and fumarate reductases, and L-glutamate dehydrogenase. The following enzymes are absent: thiosulfate reductase, urease, lecithinase, arginine dihydrolase, phenylalanine deaminase, and catalase. For the 17 strains, the mean value of the G = C percent of the DNA is 39.8 +/- 1.2. All the strains are highly similar.
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PMID:[Morphological, physiological and taxonomic studies of Bacillus azotoformans]. 65 12

Twenty experiments were conducted on dogs. The effect of hypothermia of different degree (from 18 to 20 degrees C and from 4 to 6 degrees C) on the carbohydrate metabolism and the extent of solubilization of hepatic enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, urokaninase, DNA-ase, glucose-6-phosphatase) in prefusion-free preservation of the liver was studied. The preservation efficacy was assessed during the subsequent two-hour normothermic perfusion. A marked solubilization of the enzymes under study followed preservation of the liver at 18--20 degrees C; this indicated the loss of intactness of the cell membranes during the preservation. A moderate expenditure of the glycogen stores in the liver, and of sugar in the perfusate followed preservation of the liver at a temperature of 4--6 degrees C; this suggested an even suppression of hepatic metabolism and the prevalence of normal tissue respiration over glycolysis in the restoration of circulation in the liver.
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PMID:[Effect of hypothermia on metabolism in the liver during its preservation]. 68 13

The widely used activity expressions for enzyme levels in tissues are discussed: microkatals per unit of tissue weight, protein weight, and DNA weight. The expression of microkatals present in a definite organ in reference to a standard animal weight, 100 g in the case of rat, is also used. The different expressions are applied to aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase and AMP deaminase activities in liver, hind leg striated muscle and kidneys in rat. The conclusion is reached that measurements of enzyme activity in tissues should be expressed in more than one form, as the information drawn from one could differ substantially from that obtained from other, giving artifactual views of the metabolic role played by the enzyme in a given tissue.
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PMID:Different expressions for enzyme activities in organs of rat. Application to aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase and AMP-deaminase. 72 35

The described bacterium was isolated by enrichment culture in peptone broth inoculated with garden soil, pasteurized and then put to incubate under N2O at 32 degrees. It is a Gram-negative rod, motile with peritrichous flagella, and producing oval spores without exosporium in swollen sporangia. However, cells have the thick walls, mesosomes and persistant septa characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria. It lacks fermentative activity, does not attack carbohydrates, has complex growth requirements, and will grow anaerobically only if one of the following electron acceptors is present: NO3, NO2, N2O, S4O6, and fumarate. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with production of N2. The microorganism is mesophilic, gives a positive oxidase reaction, synthesizes a type of c cytochrome, and does not hydrolyse gelatin, starch nor "Tween 80". The following enzymes are present: nitrate reductase A, respiratory nitrite reductase, tetrathionate and fumarate reductases, L-glutamate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase. The following enzymes are absent: thiosulfate reductase, urease, lecithinase, arginine dihydrolase, L-alanine dehydrogenase, phenylalanine desaminase, and catalase. The GC% of its DNA is 39. The bacterium described can be considered to be a new species. We propose the name Bacillus azotoformans n. sp.
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PMID:[A new, sporulating, denitrifying, mesophilic bacterium: Bacillus azotoformans N. SP. (author's transl)]. 102 Aug 72

On the 14th-21st day of the restorative period after four-hour hypovolemic hypotension the level of total RNA decreased in the tissue of the gray matter of the brain by 20.9%, and of DNA-by 13%. In the postmitochondrial supernatant the concentration of prealbumins was reduced by 26.5%, alpha-globulins--19.2%, gamma-globulins--by 59.8%; the concentration of albumins and beta-globulins was increased by 12.6% and 50.0%, respectively. The activity of acid cathepsins rose by 50%, and of acid phosphatase--by 44%. The activity of total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase failed to differ essentially from the control level. However, LDH isoenzyme spectrum changes towards the reduction of LDH3+4+5 from 31.9 to 14.2%. Analysis of densitograms of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel showed physico-chemical changes in the protein molecules similar in nature to the denaturation phenomenon. The Purkinje's cell count decreased in the cerebellum by 41.3% in comparison with control.
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PMID:[Posthypoxic changes in the cerebral cortex of dogs in the late recovery period after 4-hour hypovolemic hypotension]. 102 90

The pAN7.1 plasmid containing the E. coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene was used to transform protoplasts of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. Hygromycin-resistant transformants were selected at a frequency of one to five per micrograms of transforming DNA. Southern blot analyses revealed multiple copy integration of the transforming plasmid into the genome. The selection system was used to introduce other genes of interest by co-transformation. Two plasmids, one containing tryptophan biosynthesis genes and the other the NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase gene from the saprophytic basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus, were successfully introduced into the H. cylindrosporum genome with up to 70% efficiency of co-transformation. The hygromycin resistance phenotype was stably maintained during growth of transformants on hygromycin-free medium. All transformants retained their ability to form mycorrhizae with the habitual host plant Pinus pinaster, making them suitable for future physiological studies.
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PMID:Genetic transformation of the symbiotic basidiomycete fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum. 131 84

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae glutamate auxotroph, lacking NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities, was complemented with a yeast genomic library. Clones were obtained which still lacked NADP-GDH but showed GOGAT activity. Northern analysis revealed that the DNA fragment present in the complementing plasmids coded for a 1.5kb mRNA. Since the only GOGAT enzyme so far purified from S. cerevisiae is made up of a small and a large subunit, the size of the mRNA suggested that the cloned DNA fragment could code for the GOGAT small subunit. Plasmids were purified and used to transform Escherichia coli glutamate auxotrophs. Transformants were only recovered when the recipient strain was an E. coli GDH-less mutant lacking the small GOGAT subunit. These data show that we have cloned the structural gene coding for the yeast small subunit (GUS2). Evidence is also presented indicating that the GOGAT enzyme which is synthesized in the E. coli transformants is a hybrid comprising the large E. coli subunit and the small S. cerevisiae subunit.
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PMID:Cloning of a yeast gene coding for the glutamate synthase small subunit (GUS2) by complementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli glutamate auxotrophs. 134 1


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