Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitochondria isolated from systemic hearts of the squid Illex illecebrosus showed high respiratory control ratios, and, with appropriate substrates, the expected ADP/O ratios. Of amino acids tested, proline and ornithine were oxidized at highest rates; of carboxylates, malate, succinate and pyruvate gave the highest state-3 respiration rates. Pyruvate oxidation is enhanced with proline, ornithine, and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (pyrroline carboxylate) all of which can serve to augment the Krebs cycle. However, proline, ornithine and pyrroline carboxylate oxidation is not similarly dependent upon pyruvate. Rotenone inhibited state-3 respiration of malate, proline, ornithine and pyrroline carboxylate. Neither intermediates of fatty acid oxidation nor glycerol 3-phosphate were utilized at significant rates. Key enzymes in proline and ornithine oxidation, i.e. proline dehydrogenase, pyrroline-carboxylate dehydrogenase, ornithine aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were located in the mitochondria. The synthesis of proline is catalyzed by pyrroline-carboxylate reductase, which was found exclusively in the cytosol. The respiration, phosphorylation and enzyme data taken together suggest that the main carbon sources for heart mitochondria of Illex are pyruvate plus the proline and ornithine pool.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory and enzymatic properties of squid heart mitochondria. 731 31

The effect of various metabolic inhibitors on the rate of oxygen consumption by procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma congolense utilizing proline as substrate was investigated. Cyanide inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption by 81.0 +/- 6.7%, malonate inhibited the rate by 51.6 +/- 1.6% and Antimycin A by 73.1 +/- 5.9%. A combination of cyanide and malonate inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption by 84.9 +/- 6.7% while a combination of antimycin A and malonate inhibited the rate by 81.6 +/- 7.6%. Rotenone had no effect on the rate of respiration except when the intact cells were first permeabilized by digitonin after which rotenone decreased the rate of respiration by 20-30%. Salicylhydroxamate (SHAM) did not have any effect on the rate of oxygen consumption. Enzymes involved in the catabolism of proline with high activities were: proline dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, NADP-linked malic enzyme, alanine aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase. Activities of 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and NAD-linked malic enzyme were detectable but lower. The end products of proline catabolism were alanine and glutamate. Unlike the case in Trypanosoma brucei brucei aspartate was not detected. Possible pathways of proline catabolism in procyclic culture forms of T. congolense and of electron transfer are proposed.
 ...
PMID:Catabolism of proline by procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma congolense. 1042 13