Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one enzymes of different metabolic systems were measured in the rabbit fast-twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscle after electrical stimulation (10 Hz, 24 h/day) for 1 day to 10 wk. Nine analytical methods are either new, (3-oxoacid CoA-transferase, branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase, thiolase), improved (glutamate dehydrogenase, glycogen synthase, adenylic acid deaminase), or specially adapted (hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase). The activities (based on protein) of 12 mitochondrial or partly mitochondrial enzymes were lower in control TA than in control (slow) soleus (30-84% of soleus level). After 2 wk, 11 of these had surpassed the control soleus level. Maximal increases (3- to 14-fold) occurred after 2-5 wk, and thereafter six of the enzymes declined, whereas the other five maintained or increased their levels. Five glycolytic and two high-energy phosphate transfer enzymes, originally much higher in control TA than in control soleus, decreased gradually to levels at 8-10 wk only 27-123% higher than in soleus. Noncollagen protein concentration dropped 46%, explained largely by a sixfold increase in extracellular (chloride) space and a modest increase in collagen. The data constitute strong evidence for coordinate regulation of (mainly cytosolic) enzymes of glycolysis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and high-energy phosphate transfer. Changes in the (mainly mitochondrial) enzymes of oxidative metabolism were more divergent, partly because of a hitherto undescribed secondary phase in the metabolic response. This phase may reflect a lower energy consumption in muscles adapted to continuous activity.
 ...
PMID:Chronic stimulation of mammalian muscle: changes in enzymes of six metabolic pathways. 294 40

This work aims at the identification of relevant intermediate metabolism enzymes contributing to improved meat production due to genetic selection. A wild rabbit (WR) breed and a highly meat selected breed (New Zealand (NZ) rabbit) were used. Food restriction was used as an experimental condition so as to enhance differences within the metabolic pathways under study. During a period of 30 days, NZ and WR experimental breeds were subjected to, respectively, 40% and 60% ad libitum food restriction leading to 17.7% and 21.1% initial weight. Hepatic glycolytic, lipidic and protein regulatory enzyme activity, transcriptional and metabolite levels were determined. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), triiodothyronine, and cortisol were also evaluated. In the glycolytic pathways, the NZ control rabbits presented a higher phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activity level when compared to the WR, while the latter group showed a higher expression of glycogen synthase, although with less glycogen content. In the nitrogen metabolism, our results showed a lower activity level of glutamate dehydrogenase in WR when subjected to food restriction. Within the lipid metabolism, results showed that although WR had a significantly higher mRNA hepatic lipase, non-esterified fatty acid levels were similar between the experimental groups. NZ rabbits presented a better glycemia control and greater energy substrate availability leading to enhanced productivities in which triiodothyronine and IGF-1 played a relevant role.
 ...
PMID:Feed restriction and genetic selection on the expression and activity of metabolism regulatory enzymes in rabbits. 2244 48

The effect of feed restriction on gene expression of regulatory enzymes of intermediary metabolism was studied in two sheep breeds (Australian Merino and Dorper) subjected to two nutritional treatments: feed restriction (85% of daily maintenance requirements) and control (ad libitum feeding), during 42 days. The experimental animals (ram lambs) were divided into four groups, n = 5 (Australian Merino control (MC), Australian Merino Restriction (MR), Dorper control (DC) and Dorper Restriction (DR)). After the trial, animals were sacrificed and samples were taken from liver tissue to quantify glucose levels and gene expression of relevant intermediary metabolism enzymes (phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen synthase (GS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and carbamoyl phosphate synthase (CPS)) through real-time PCR. During the experimental period, the MR animals lost 12.6% in BW compared with 5.3% lost by the Dorper lambs. MC and DC rams gained, respectively, 8.8% and 14% during the same period. Within the Dorper breed, restricted feed animals revealed a significant decrease over controls in the transcription of PFK (1.95-fold) and PK (2.26-fold), both glycolytic enzymes. The gluconeogenesis showed no change in the feed restricted animals of both breeds. DR feed group presented a significant decrease over the homologous Merino sheep group on GS. In both experimental breeds, FAS mRNA expression was decreased in restricted feed groups. GDH expression was decreased only in the DR animals (1.84-fold) indicating a reduced catabolism of amino acids in these animals. Finally, CPS was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Dorper sheep, indicating a facilitated urea synthesis in this breed. These results indicate a better adaptation of metabolic intermediate regulatory enzymes and hepatic glucose production of Dorper sheep to feed restriction concurring with the BW results in the experimental groups.
 ...
PMID:Gene expression of regulatory enzymes involved in the intermediate metabolism of sheep subjected to feed restriction. 2303 88