Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro alterations induced by a 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml dose each of thiophenate and fenbendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) were studied. The most significant changes were induced in the gut epithelium. Alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase activities were decreased, succinic dehydrogenase activity was increased, while acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were completely lost from the intestinal epithelium after treatment with either of the drugs. A stimulatory effect of these two anthelmintics was observe on lactic dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase distribution. Thiophenate caused an increase in the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and nonspecific esterases and a decrease in reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-D) activity. Fenbendazole treatment led to the inhibition of GDH, while G-6-PD, NADPH-D, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase and nonspecific esterase activity remained unaltered in the epithelium.
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PMID:Histoenzymic effects of thiophenate and fenbendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus. 133 82

The enzymic activity of blood of healthy male volunteers was examined during 8-day bed rest in the horizontal and head-down (-6 degrees) position, water immersion up to the neck and 6-hour head-down tilt (-15 degrees). Alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase (CE), leucine arylamidase (LA), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) were measured. During horizontal bed rest the activities of all the enzymes, except for GDH, decreased in a moderate degree which was very distinct at an early stage of exposure. The activity of GDH and CE decreased significantly after the exposure. The enzymic activity tended to decline during head-down tilt at -6 degrees. The LA and GGTP activity decreased to a greater extent, being statistically significant during head-down tilt at -6 degrees and in the recovery period. The enzymic activity insignificantly increased during water immersion and 6-hour head-down tilt at -15 degrees, remaining in some cases elevated during 5 days after exposure. The lower activity of enzymes (which was significant for some of them) during horizontal and antiorthostatic bed rest was primarily associated with diminished motor activity, whereas increased enzymic activity was related to the gravity-induced blood shift to the intrathoracic area.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme activity of healthy subjects during modeling of the effects of weightlessness]. 287 Dec 24

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

The effect of chronic administration of chloroquine phosphate on the urinary excretion of proteins and selected enzymes was investigated in male rats. Urinary volume and protein levels were both increased. Alkaline phosphatase activity was markedly raised after 12 h, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities were moderately elevated. These observations suggest that chronic chloroquine administration to rats might impair renal reabsorptive functions, interfere with the properties of some membrane-bound enzymes and alter the membrane permeability of the various organelles in renal cells.
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PMID:Some biochemical changes in the rat during repeated chloroquine administration. 708 79

The clinical use of gentamicin (G) is limited because of its nephrotoxic potential. The administration of G (50 mg/kg) to rats in a 10-day daily treatment gave a biphasic pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was highly elevated during the corresponding second phase while a slight and statistically insignificant increase in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was obtained. The kidneys of such rats were isolated and tubules prepared and incubated for a specific period of time at 37 degrees C in Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer, pH 7.4. Results indicate a considerable loss of protein (P < 0.01) after the 3rd and 10th days of treatment with G, elevated and significant increase of ALP after the 1st (P < 0.05) and 3rd (P < 0.01) days and significant increase (P < 0.05) of GDH after the 10th day of treatment. The release of GDH, LDH and NAG from tubules of rats after a single dose of G was lower than the control rats while other treatments produced a significant increase in ALP, LDH and NAG over the period of incubation. In vitro incubation of tubules in the presence of several concentrations (5, 50, 500, 5000 micrograms/g of wet cortex) of G indicated a time-dependent leakage of enzyme only at the highest concentration of G. Our results clearly indicate that cellular damage caused by G as evidenced by urinary enzyme excretion and marker enzyme release from isolated tubules occurs at very high concentration in vivo or in vitro and is time-dependent.
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PMID:Renal damage caused by gentamicin: a study of the effect in vitro using isolated rat proximal tubular fragments. 786 40

Acute cholestatic hepatitis developed in two patients, a 58-year-old man and a 54-year-old woman, who had been treated for hypercholesterolaemia with the cholesterol-synthesis inhibitor lovastatin for 3 years and 2 months, respectively. Both of them at first complained only of tiredness and loss of appetite, but then developed jaundice with colourless stool and dark urine. Alkaline phosphatase concentration rose up to maximally 1227 and 569 U/l, gamma-GT to 403 and 410 U/l, respectively. The transaminases and glutamate dehydrogenase were also elevated, while serum cholinesterase had fallen to 2346 and 2418 U/l, respectively. Histological examination of liver biopsies 6 months and 4 weeks, respectively, after onset of jaundice also suggested drug-toxic liver damage. There was no evidence for other causes. After lovastatin had been discontinued the various cholestasis parameters regressed only slowly.
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PMID:[Lovastatin-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis]. 786 82

Using 4-month-old fetal bovine tissue, the properties of the tibia epiphyseal cartilage matrix vesicles, a type of endochondral ossification tissue, were compared with those from tracheal cartilage. The matrix vesicle fractions, obtained by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation, were subjected to sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. Alkaline phosphatase activity, protease activity, and lacatate dehydrogenase activity were assayed for the marker enzyme of the matrix vesicles. Matrix vesicles containing alkaline phosphatase, metalloprotease, and lacatate dehydrogenase were found in the tibia epiphyseal cartilage at a density of 1.11 g/ml. In surprising contrast, we also found matrix vesicle-like vesicles with a high density of 1.24 g/ml in the tracheal cartilage. These also contained alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, but not metalloprotease. The electrophoretic profiles of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from the matrix vesicle and matrix vesicle-like vesicles were identical with those of chondrocyte cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase. Aldolase, aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, and cytosolic enzymes except for lactate dehydrogenase were not detected in these vesicles. These results suggest the presence of a mechanism for specific uptake of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase in both vesicles. In this study, a new type of matrix vesicles without protease was found in the tracheal cartilage, a kind of permanent cartilage, but not in the tibia epiphyseal cartilage, which is replaced by bone tissue.
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PMID:A new type of matrix vesicles is found in fetal bovine tracheal cartilage. 1099 57

Groups of six goats were orally dosed with sporidesmin at rates of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg of sporidesmin per kg body weight and their responses up to 6 weeks later compared with those of sheep dosed at the same time. Clinical facial eczema and pathological lesions similar to those found in sheep were found in all the goat breeds, but at higher dose rates of sporidesmin than those which caused equivalent lesions in sheep. Saanens were the most susceptible goat breed, requiring 2-4 times as much sporidesmin as sheep to achieve similar effects. G4 and feral goats required 4-8 times the sheep dose of sporidesmin to obtain similar responses. Gamma-glutamyltransferase reached its highest serum levels after 20 days while glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase reached their highest levels between 10 and 20 days. Alkaline phosphatase did not rise consistently to high levels in affected goats. The elevation in aspartate aminotransferase levels tended to be early and transient; glutamate dehydrogenase early and prolonged; gamma-glutamyltransferase late and prolonged, and'alkaline phosphatase late and minor. There was considerable individual variation in the time at which elevations occurred and the levels which enzymes reached. Cholesterol and bilirubin levels were high if liver injury was severe.
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PMID:Facial eczema in goats: the toxicity of sporidesmin in goats and its pathology. 1603 10