Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Commercial feed mixture was buffered with a 2% and 3% admixture of bentonite buffer in two beef cattle herds in the course of one year. The mixtures were fed on a continuous basis. The two-per-cent buffer concentration was tested in 110 test animals with 104 control animals and the three-per-cent concentration in 50 test animals with 50 controls. Throughout the trial the over-all health condition remained unchanged, the hematocrit and hemoglobin values were balanced in both groups. The biochemical indices were better in the test groups: hypocalcemia improved (in the controls it grew worse), magnesiemia was slightly increased, the inorganic serum factor did not go beyond physiological limits, and acidosis did not occur (as distinct from the control animals). The levels of transaminases (GOT, GPT), glutamic acid dehydrogenase, total serum protein, alkaline phosphatase as well as ammonia and urea in blood serum were at physiological values with po-differences within groups. In the case of the three-per-cent buffer concentration the daily gains were higher by 0.073 kg, and in the two-per-cent concentration by 0.058 kg, in the test animals. The average annual gain was higher by 25.5 kg, and by 18.3 kg, respectively. With respect to the price of buffer and to the efficiency of the animals tested, the economic indices of feed mixture buffering are highly effective.
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PMID:[Year-round buffering of cattle feed mixture and its effect on metabolism and productivity]. 80 6

Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
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PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

Changes in blood chemistry were examined in vitamin B12 deficient lambs which developed ovine white-liver disease (OWLD), and were compared with values of cobalt/B12 supplemented lambs on the same pastures, as well as clinically healthy, but sometimes B12 deficient, lambs on other pastures (H). In the OWLD group, signs of hepatic damage were seen concurrently with reduction in weight gain, or 1-3 weeks before, and comprised elevation of serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and decrease of phospholipid and cholesterol. Drop of plasma glucose and elevation of gamma GT also came in the earlier phase of the disease. All other blood changes developed later, and were partly regarded as reflections of the inappetence or hepatic injury. The changes included a drop in packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), elevation of serum iron, and reduction of total serum protein and urea. Generally Co/B12 supplementation prevented hepatic damage and normalized blood values. The clinically healthy H lambs also showed signs of hepatic damage, especially one year when they were B12 deficient, indicating that simple B12 deficiency causes a moderate liver damage as well. For diagnostic purposes, clinical pathology is recommended mainly on a flock basis.
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PMID:Ovine white-liver disease (OWLD). Changes in blood chemistry. 208 Jul 72

Usefulness of several biochemical markers for the monitoring of chronic alcoholism were studied. Among generally used markers, only gamma-GTP showed a significant difference between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. Serum glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was significantly high in alcoholic liver disease. When the ratios of GDH to ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) were calculated, differences between alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases became clearer without overlapping of any value. Serum desialo-transferrin was found in about 60% of the alcoholics, and disappeared by abstinence. Microheterogeneity of serum protein was also found in other glycoproteins. Serum prealbumin level was significantly high in alcoholics without severe liver disease. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity of erythrocytes was significantly low in alcoholics, and gradually increased after abstinence. These results indicate that microheterogeneity of glycoproteins, serum prealbumin level and erythrocyte ALDH activity are good markers of alcohol abuse, and serum GDH/OCT ratio is the most sensitive marker of alcoholic liver injury. Serum gamma-GTP activity is a good marker of both conditions.
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PMID:Biochemical markers of chronic alcoholism. 286 79

Hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was measured in postmortem specimens obtained from two stage V Reye syndrome patients and in three postmortem specimens of normal human liver. The Reye syndrome specimens showed the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme deficits in GDH and monoamine oxidase activities that are characteristic of Reye syndrome. GDH activity was linear with the amount of supernatant fraction added, both for Reye and normal liver preparations: moreover, the activities of mixtures of Reye and control supernatant fractions were the sums of the activities of the individual components. This means that the activity difference between Reye and normal GDH activity is not due to a diffusible inhibitor in the Reye hepatocytes or to an activator of GDH in the normal control hepatocytes. Serum obtained from six Reye cases during neurologic deterioration was added to normal hepatic GDH preparations to test for a serum inhibitor of FDH. Highly variable effects were found, with two serum samples producing marked inhibition and others showing weak inhibition, no effect, or stimulation of GDH activity. The inhibitor was not removed by charcoal treatment and most of the activity was retained by a 10,000 dalton Diaflo membrane, signifying either that the compound had a high molecular weight or that it was bound to serum protein. We conclude that the decreased activity of GDH in Reye hepatocytes is not due to an intracellular diffusible inhibitor, and that serum effects are quite variable and are not directly related to intracellular changes in GDH activity.
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PMID:Absence of diffusible inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase in the hepatocytes of Reye syndrome patients. 396 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of various proteins of the GHIGF axis during progression of liver failure and to search for potential prognostic markers of functional hepatic reserve. Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and high affinity growth hormone binding protein (GHBP), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) -1, -2 and -3 were determined in patients with liver cirrhosis. A continuous decline in the concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and serum GH-binding activity (GHBP) was observed during progression of cirrhosis and the data correlated significantly with choline esterase, total serum protein and the Child score. In addition, GHBP showed a significant correlation with the enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase or transaminases and seems so to be influenced by the degree of liver cell damage. In contrast, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels were significantly elevated in preterminal disease suggesting an upregulatory mechanism is still effective in this situation. Only when liver function had markedly deteriorated, the serum levels of these two parameters decreased again, possibly due to an impaired synthesis. The excellent correlation between the serum levels of IGF-I (r = -0.64, p < 0.001) or IGFBP-3 (r = -0.67, p < 0.001) and the Child score index suggests that they reflect the hepatic functions just as conventional indicators. For an appropriate interpretation of the liver function the measurement of the growth related peptides can be a valuable tool to estimate pathological alteration in the functional hepatic reserve or in the glucose homeostasis.
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PMID:Regulation of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)I, IGF binding proteins -1, -2, -3 and GH binding protein during progression of liver cirrhosis. 853 56

C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp) and fibrinogen (Fbgn) are acute phase reactants (APRs), the blood levels of which increase during acute inflammation. However, although the levels of these APRs are used to monitor inflammation in man, their usefulness and sensitivity as markers of inflammation in rodents are less clear. We therefore wished to evaluate, in a comparative fashion, a prototype immunoassay for serum CRP, a commercial assay for serum Hp, and an automated assay for Fbgn, using a model of acute inflammation in the rat. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum protein fractions were also measured. The model of inflammation used was the intraperitoneal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). In a concluding experiment, findings with Hp in the FCA rat model were validated in a toxicologically relevant study involving the induction of acute hepatic inflammation using the model hepatotoxicant carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Female Wistar Han rats were treated with a single injection of FCA in a dose-response study (1.25-10.0 ml/kg, sampling at 36 h) and two time-course studies (over 40 h and 21 days). In a final experiment, rats were dosed with CCl(4) at 0.8 ml/kg and sampled over a 17-day period. In FCA and CCl(4) experiments, serum/plasma was prepared and tissues taken at autopsy for histological assessment (CCl(4) study only). In the dose-response study, serum CRP, Hp and plasma Fbgn were increased at all FCA dose levels at 36 h post-dosing. Serum alpha(2) and beta(1) globulin fractions were also increased, while albumin levels were decreased. In the 40-h time-course study, CRP levels peaked at 25-40 h post-dosing, to approximately 120% of control (as 100%). Hp levels increased to a maximum at 25 and 40 h post-dosing with values greater than 400% of control, and alpha(2) and beta(1) globulin fractions peaked at 30 and 40 h post-dosing to 221 and 187% of control, respectively. Increased serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels peaked at 20 h (11-fold) and 25 h (19-fold), respectively. In a 21-day time-course study, no increased CRP levels were measured despite elevated levels of Hp, which peaked at 36 h (approximately 7-fold above control), and remained elevated up to 21 days. IL-6 and IL-1beta levels peaked at 12 h (19-fold) and 24 h (28-fold), respectively. Liver histopathology of animals treated with CCl(4) showed centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis (most significant at 36 h) with an inflammatory response (most significant at 48 h). Resolution of the lesion was complete by 4 days post-dosing. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase levels peaked at 36 h post-dosing. Hp levels increased maximally at 48 h (426% of control). We conclude that serum CRP is a poor marker of acute inflammation in the rat in comparison with serum Hp and plasma Fbgn. Between Hp and Fbgn, serum Hp is shown to be the most sensitive and useful marker of acute inflammation.
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PMID:Markers of experimental acute inflammation in the Wistar Han rat with particular reference to haptoglobin and C-reactive protein. 1266 91

A dose response study was carried out with piglets to examine the effects of increasing amounts of Fusarium toxins in the diet on performance, clinical serum characteristics, organ weights and residues of zearalenone (ZON) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and their metabolites in body fluids and tissues. For this purpose, Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (1.2 mg ZON and 8.6 mg DON per kg maize) was incorporated into a maize based diet for piglets at 0, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50% at the expense of control maize. The experimental diets were tested on 100 female piglets allotted to 20 boxes (five animals per box) covering a body weight range of 12.4 +/- 2.2 kg to 32.5 +/- 5.6 kg. Voluntary feed intake and, consequently, body weight gain of the animals receiving the highest proportion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize were significantly decreased while the feed conversion ratio was not affected by the treatment. The mean weight of the uterus related to the body weight of the animals of the same group was increased by almost 100% as compared to the control. For this group, significantly decreased values of total serum protein were determined, while the serum activity of the liver enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and the serum concentration of the follicle stimulating hormone were decreased for all treatment groups receiving 6% contaminated maize or more in the diet. Serum concentrations of immuneglobulins were not consistently altered by the treatment. Corresponding to the dietary exposure, increasing concentrations of ZON and alpha-zearalenol were detected in the bile fluid, liver and in pooled urine samples. The metabolite beta-zearalenol was detected only in bile fluid. The total concentration of ZON plus its metabolites in bile fluid correlated well with the diet contamination (r = 0.844). DON was found in serum, bile fluid and pooled urine samples while de-epoxy-DON was detected only in urine. The serum concentration of DON correlated well with the respective toxin intake 3-4 h prior to slaughtering (r = 0.957). For all mentioned analyses of residues it has to be noted that toxin residues were detectable even if negligible concentrations were present in the diet.
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PMID:Effects of graded levels of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize in diets for female weaned piglets. 1462 Sep 6