Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate (HOPA) treatment (250 mg/kg for 5 d) has been studied by evaluating the specific activity of enzymes related to: glycolytic pathway (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase), mitochondrial electron transfer chain (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase), NADH redox state (NADH cytochrome c reductase), acetylcholine metabolism (acetylcholinesterase), and glutamate metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase). The enzymatic activity assays were performed on homogenate in toto, nonsynaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes isolated from: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum of normoxic rats and rats submitted to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (90:10, N2:O2). In normoxic rats, HOPA was unable to induce any modification. Hypoxia per se induced a decrease in the activity of synaptosomal cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
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PMID:Effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate and mild hypoxia on some enzyme activities evaluated in subcellular fractions from different rat brain regions. 254 16

A method for rapid assessment of hepatic function in liver donors based on the formation of the lignocaine metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), was used in a prospective study of 69 donor-recipient pairs. The probability of graft survival over 120 days was significantly higher for livers from donors with MEGX test values above 90 micrograms/l than for those from donors with MEGX values of 90 micrograms/l or below. Other liver function tests (bilirubin, prothrombin time, activity of aminotransferases, glutamate dehydrogenase, and cholinesterase, indocyanine green clearance, and galactose elimination capacity) were inefficient at predicting early outcome of transplantation. For a 20-day graft survival, the MEGX test showed prognostic sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 78%. These findings suggest that the MEGX formation test could be valuable for selection of donor organs.
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PMID:Lignocaine metabolite formation as a measure of pre-transplant liver function. 256 60

The activities in serum of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and cholinesterase were compared after complete biliary obstruction (CBO) and choledochocaval fistula (CCF) in the rat. CCF was used as a model of complete biliary retention without bile stasis and without increased pressure in the biliary tract. The increases in AP, GLDH and gamma-GT within 24-h post-op. show no difference between the two experimental groups. The conclusion is that the retention of biliary constituents alone is responsible for the increase in the levels of serum activity and that other conditions like bile stasis and increased pressure in the biliary tract do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of these alterations. The rise of GPT activity in CCF is of a lesser degree than in CBO.
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PMID:The serum activities of AP, gamma-GT, GLDH, GPT and CHE after complete biliary obstruction and choledochocaval fistula in the rat. 256 1

The enzymic activity of blood of healthy male volunteers was examined during 8-day bed rest in the horizontal and head-down (-6 degrees) position, water immersion up to the neck and 6-hour head-down tilt (-15 degrees). Alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase (CE), leucine arylamidase (LA), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) were measured. During horizontal bed rest the activities of all the enzymes, except for GDH, decreased in a moderate degree which was very distinct at an early stage of exposure. The activity of GDH and CE decreased significantly after the exposure. The enzymic activity tended to decline during head-down tilt at -6 degrees. The LA and GGTP activity decreased to a greater extent, being statistically significant during head-down tilt at -6 degrees and in the recovery period. The enzymic activity insignificantly increased during water immersion and 6-hour head-down tilt at -15 degrees, remaining in some cases elevated during 5 days after exposure. The lower activity of enzymes (which was significant for some of them) during horizontal and antiorthostatic bed rest was primarily associated with diminished motor activity, whereas increased enzymic activity was related to the gravity-induced blood shift to the intrathoracic area.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme activity of healthy subjects during modeling of the effects of weightlessness]. 287 Dec 24

Two main groups of quantitative methods are used in the brain to relate enzymatic processes to cellular structures, i.e. the methods of microchemistry and microscopic histochemistry. Microchemistry tries to quantify enzyme activities in very small brain regions by miniaturizing biochemical methods, whereas microscopic histochemistry applies staining procedures to tissue sections, preserving the structural relationship that is present in situ and giving topological information on the distribution of enzymes which is indispensable in structural heterogeneous tissue as is the brain. The present review deals preferentially with microscopic methods and, in particular, with scanning microphotometry (image plane scanning). Using this technique two measuring procedures can be applied for the quantification of enzyme activities, i.e. end-point and kinetic (continuous monitoring) measurements which are described in detail. Methods for the microphotometric demonstration of certain important dehydrogenases (isocitrate dehydrogenases, succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-linked malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), of cytochrome c oxidase, hexokinase and acetylcholinesterase are presented. These methods were adapted for giving optimal demonstration of enzyme activities in the rat hippocampus. The examples are given to illustrate the aptitude and possibilities of this technique in the quantification of enzymes in the complex matrix of the brain.
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PMID:Quantitative enzyme histochemistry in the brain. 306 15

We have obtained monoclonal antibodies to Drosophila acetylcholinesterase, glutamate dehydrogenase as well as other unknown macromolecules which may have some relevance in synaptic function. The majority of antibodies against acetylcholinesterase recognised common epitopes on all four subunits--but one (MA2) was specific to a 110 kDa dimer. Antibodies to unknown synaptic macromolecules were identified by their selective staining in immunofluorescence studies. F2A3 stains sensory neurons and their synapses in the visual and olfactory systems.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies to synaptic macromolecules of Drosophila melanogaster. 311 48

Using fully mechanized analytical equipment, interference by haemolysis in the determination of 26 clinical chemical parameters was determined quantitatively by adding haemolysate to serum. Haemoglobin concentrations up to 6.6 g/l caused essentially no interference in the following determinations: albumin (immuno-nephelometric), alpha-amylase, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatinine, iron, glucose, glutamate dehydrogenase, uric acid, urea, sodium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, transferrin and triglycerides. In the presence of haemoglobin, erroneously high values were found for: lactate dehydrogenase (haemoglobin higher than 0.2 g/l), aspartate aminotransferase, potassium and acid phosphate (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l), creatine kinase (haemoglobin higher than 2.5 g/l) and alanine aminotransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.4 g/l). Erroneously low values were found for bilirubin (haemoglobin higher than 0.8 g/l), alkaline phosphatase and albumin (by electrophoresis) (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.0 g/l).
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PMID:Haemolysis as an interference factor in clinical chemistry. 371 97

The pesticide dichlorvos inhibits not only cholinesterase but also alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase competitively. A mixed type inhibition of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is in contrast to the increased activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase after dichlorvos application. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase is not affected by the substance. After administering rats an acutely toxic dose of dichlorvos (70 mg per kg b.w.) in vitro-inhibitions other than that of cholinesterase could not be found.
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PMID:Enzyme activities after in vitro and in vivo application of dichlorvos. 400 35

Combined enzymodiagnostic program--estimation of total activity of blood serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), acetyl cholinesterase (ACE), butyryl cholinesterase (BCE)--was studied to evaluate its diagnostic validity in surgical clinic. In mechanical jaundice of various origin mean values of the enzymatic activities studied as well as the enzymatic coefficients were distinctly altered as compared with control values: AST/AAT, gamma-GT/AST as well as the newer coefficients BCE/ACE, AP/gamma-GT, (formula; see text). The jaundices of tumoral and non-tumoral genesis caused markedly dissimilar alterations in the coefficients AST/AAT and (formula; see text). The data of enzymological analysis may be used for differential diagnosis in jaundices.
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PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis of mechanical jaundice]. 409 Mar 51

Redistribution of axonal enzymes as a function of time in vitro was studied in an unbranched segment of frog sciatic nerve. Cholinesterase activity moved peripherally at a rate of 99 mm/day and centrally at 19 mm/day. One-quarter of the total nerve content of the enzyme was estimated to be in motion, one-eighth in each direction. Mitochondrial enzymes (hexokinase and glutamic dehydrogenase) moved peripherally at 20-31 mm/day, centrally at 11-20 mm/day. Only 10% of the total content of these mitochondrial enzymes was in motion. No movement of choline acetylase or 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase activity was seen even after 4 days in vitro. However, in a 12 day in vivo experiment choline acetylase moved toward the periphery at a rate of 0.34 mm/day. After a day or so in vitro the distal accumulations of cholinesterase and glutamic dehydrogenase decreased, with a concomitant and quantitatively equivalent increase in enzyme activities at the proximal end of the nerve. It is postulated that during incubation a mechanism for reversing the direction of flow develops in the peripheral stump of the nerve. Vinblastine inhibited central and peripheral flow of both cholinesterase and glutamic dehydrogenase. Movement of cholinesterase was not affected by ouabain, thalidomide, or phenobarbital, nor by K(+) excess (110 mM) or absence.
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PMID:Transport of axonal enzymes in surviving segments of frog sciatic nerve. 411 99


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