Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lesions of CA 3 derived axons, comprising Schaffer's collaterals, were carried out in order to destroy their presumably glutamatergic nerve endings within CA 1. After a survival time of 20 days part of the stratum radiatum of CA 1 displayed statistically significant reduction of histochemically demonstrable glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity by about 19 and 25 per cent, respectively, whereas alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was not affected. These findings are consistent with current biochemical and histochemical results on the relation between several glutamate producing enzymes and glutamatergic structures suggesting that glutamate dehydrogenase plays a major role in glutamate transmitter metabolism.
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PMID:Lesions of Schaffer's collaterals in the rat hippocampus affecting glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the stratum radiatum of CA 1. A study with special reference to the glutamate transmitter metabolism. 614 78

Such details of the primary structure were sought that are common in all dehydrogenases of known amino acid sequence. Twenty-six sequences of eight kinds of dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, ribitol dehydrogenase, L-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and homoserine dehydrogenase) have been compared by the aid of the artificial intelligence language Prolog, the amino acids being classified into groups according to their chemical properties, and alpha-helix or beta-sheet-forming abilities. We found tetrapeptides that occurred in all dehydrogenases examined. By using these tetrapeptides as markers a population of 84 partial sequences has been described. The partial sequences constituting this population are peptides comprising 35 residues. It has been shown statistically that these peptides form a homogeneous sample as regards the frequency of occurrence of amino acid groups. This statistically homogeneous partial sequences can be regarded as homologous and it is assumed that their presence is characteristic of dehydrogenases.
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PMID:Homologous partial sequences in dehydrogenases. 667 98

Adipose tissue from fetuses decapitated at 45 d of gestation was removed and structurally and histochemically analyzed at 65, 85 and 110 d of gestation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from decapitated and control fetuses at 65 d of gestation was histologically and histochemically similar. A reduced number of fat cell clusters in the outer layer of subcutaneous tissue and a poorly developed dermis was evident in decapitated fetuses at 85 d of gestation. Fat cell size was similar for control and decapitated fetuses at 65 d of gestation, whereas cells in 85 d-old decapitated fetuses were larger than cells in control fetuses. Adipocytes from control and 85 d-old decapitated fetuses were histochemically similar except for an elevated number of esterase positive cells in decapitated fetuses. At 110 d of gestation, adipocytes from decapitated fetuses had higher activities of the following enzymes than did control adipocytes: malate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent) glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase NADP dependent), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent), alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP dependent), NADPH-tetrazoleum reductase and esterase. Levels of succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and NADH-tetrazoleum reductase were similar in cells from controls and decapitated fetuses. These data indicate that fetal decapitation probably exerts a positive influence on enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. However, fetal decapitation also exerts a negative influence on fat cell hyperplasia.
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PMID:Histochemical and cellular aspects of adipose tissue development in decapitated pig fetuses: an ontogeny study. 674 43

The effect of prolonged administration of heparin on the histophysiological characteristics of the subcomissural organ (SCO) of the brain and adrenal glomerular zone (AGZ) was studied in 30 male rats. It was established that heparin inhibits the functional activity of AGZ adrenocorticocytes. This is associated with the lowered content of 3-beta-ol-steroid dehydrogenase, RNA, total protein, and a decrease in the zone width (by 50%). Ependimocytes of brain SCO show an abruptly reduced activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase acid phosphatase, which is evidence of their secretory function inhibition. The changes indicate the presence of the functional relationship between the ependimocytes of brain SCO and AGZ adrenocorticocytes as well as to the participation of brain SCO in AGZ function control.
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PMID:[Histophysiologic characteristics of the subcommissural organ during isolated suppression of the functional activity of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland]. 677 11

1. A simple, facile one-step method has been devised to measure the stereospecificity of NADP+-linked oxidoreductases. The procedure involves coupling the test enzymes to enzymes of known stereospecificity in the presence of deuterated substrates. The regenerated NADP+ in the coupled reactions is analyzed by PMR for its deuterium content at the carbon-4 position of the nicotinamide ring. 2. It is found that malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and glycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29) are A-side stereospecific whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are B-side stereospecific. 3. Enzymes which can utilize both NAD+ and NADP+ have the same stereospecificity with respect to the coenzyme.
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PMID:A one-step PMR determination of hydrogen transfer stereospecificity of NADP+-linked oxidoreductases. 682 14

Changes in the activity of 13 enzymes are described in the process of cytodifferentiation of the nerve cells of spinal ganglion, the motor neurons of spinal cord and large nerve cells of the III layer of tectum opticum in 7, 10 and 21 day old chick embryos. Cytophotometry was performed with MZFV-1 (LOMO) by means of plug-method. A relatively high activity of glucose-6-phosphat dehydrogenase, diaphorase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and, partially, acetylcholine esterase was found already in the 7 days old embryo. The activity of monoamine oxidase, aldolase-glyceroaldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase increased markedly on the 21st day. When studying the reciprocal distribution of two enzymes in separate cells, pairs of enzymes with a high value of correlation coefficient were found. The cytodifferentiation was found to be accompanied by changes in the coefficient of correlation of the same pair of enzymes.
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PMID:[Enzymes in the process of neuronal differentiation of the hen spinal ganglion, spinal cord and tectum opticum. A cytophotometric histochemical study]. 683 47

The aim of the present study is to compare normal and tumoral pancreatic islet cells in terms of both the activity of selected cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes participating to nutrient catabolism and the intrinsic properties of FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The activity of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase was higher in tumoral (RINm5F) than normal islet cells. The opposite was seen for glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (m-GDH). These findings are consistent with the high rates of glycolysis and protein synthesis seen in tumoral islet cells compared with normal islet cells, which favour mitochondrial oxidative events associated with the catabolism of D-glucose and amino acids. The intrinsic catalytic properties of m-GDH were comparable, albeit not identical, in normal and tumoral islet cells. Since a deficiency of m-GDH in pancreatic islets may represent a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, it is proposed that RINm5F cells may readily yield sufficient islet m-GDH for purification and further gene cloning.
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PMID:Activity of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes participating in nutrient catabolism of normal and tumoral islet cells. 776 86

The mitochondrial FAD-linked enzyme glycerophosphate dehydrogenase plays a key role in the pancreatic B-cell glucose sensing device. In the present study, the activity of this enzyme was examined in islets of fa/fa rats in which inherited diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinism and severe insulin resistance. The specific activity of both FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase were decreased in islet and liver homogenates prepared from fa/fa, as compared to Fa/Fa, rats, this coinciding with a low ratio between glutamateoxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity in both islet and liver extracts, islet hyperplasia, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic steatosis in the hyperglycemic fa/fa rats. It is speculated that a low activity of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the pancreatic B-cell may participate to the perturbation of glucose homeostasis in fa/fa rats, like in other animal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Impaired FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in islet and liver homogenates of fa/fa rats. 783 41

Islets were isolated by automatic digestion from non-diabetic cadaveric organ donors and from Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. The activity of FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, but not that of either glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase or glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, was lower in Type 2 diabetic patients than control subjects. Hexokinase, glucokinase and glutamate decarboxylase activities were also measured in islets from control subjects. The utilization of D-[5-3H]glucose, oxidation of D-[6-14C]glucose and release of insulin evoked by D-glucose were all lower in Type 2 diabetic patients than control subjects. The secretory response to the combination of L-leucine and L-glutamine appeared less severely affected. Islets from Type 2 diabetic patients may thus display enzymatic, metabolic and secretory anomalies similar to those often observed in animal models of Type 2 diabetes, including a deficiency of beta-cell FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, the key enzyme of the glycerol phosphate shuttle.
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PMID:Enzymatic, metabolic and secretory patterns in human islets of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. 816 52

The activities of 6 dehydrogenases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), determined by means of flow cytometry in 13 primary human gastrointestinal tumour cell lines, including 10 esophageal carcinomas, one gastric cancer, and 2 pancreatic cancers. Two-parametric measurements of specific dehydrogenase activities in single cells were performed with DAPI as fluorochrome for the nuclear DNA and with the fluorescent redox system of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl-tetrazolium chloride (CTC) which forms brilliant red formazan crystals upon reduction by cellular redox enzymes. Furthermore, with the aid of the calibration procedure reported previously [18] the enzyme activities were expressed as biochemical units. This application of tetrazolium salt technique for demonstrating dehydrogenase activities in human tumour cells by flow cytometry offers an alternative tool to characterize malignant tumors.
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PMID:Flow-cytometric determination of dehydrogenase activities in primary human gastrointestinal tumor cell lines. 816


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