Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.
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PMID:Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows. 339 48

SKF525-A given intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg body weight) to Sprague-Dawley rats in a single dose promoted a significant reduction in cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities 0.5 and 1 h after injection. There was no decrease in liver non-protein sulfhydryls (NPSH) 0.5, 1 and 24 h after injection. Serum activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) increased 1.8-, 2.9-, 3.8- and 41.2-fold respectively 8 h after injection, and the increased serum enzyme activities were maintained for up to 24 h. On the basis of these results, SKF525-A-induced blood manifestations of liver toxicity and decrease in GST activities may be regarded as confusing factors in the evaluation of the oxidative metabolism of compounds in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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PMID:Effect of SKF525-A on the glutathione-conjugating enzyme system and on liver toxicity. 359 Feb 22

The effects of aflatoxin B1 on Hybro-type chicks were determined. Seven day-old chicks of both sexes were fed a diet containing aflatoxin at 0.5 ppm for 4 weeks. When compared to the controls, body weights and efficiency of feed utilization were depressed in the aflatoxin-fed group. The activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) and concentrations of potassium were significantly elevated, and total protein and calcium levels were decreased in aflatoxin-fed chicks. There were no consistent differences in the concentrations of other serum constituents between the controls and test birds. Histopathological examinations of liver and kidney sections revealed typical lesions of aflatoxicosis. In the kidney, recovery was slow as indicated by the presence of vacuolation and necrosis of the cells of many renal convoluted tubules 3 weeks after withdrawal of the experimental ration.
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PMID:Experimental aflatoxicosis in hybro-type chicks: sequential changes in growth and serum constituents and histopathological changes. 360 40

Haematological, biochemical and pathological changes were investigated in 214 sheep naturally infected with Fasciola gigantica in an endemic area in the Sudan together with 82 uninfected controls. Infected animals showed a clear decrease in erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume, a normochromic, normocytic anaemia, leucocytosis and eosinophilia. Serum concentrations of the enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetic acid transaminase were also elevated in the infected group, indicating hepatic damage. This was confirmed by histopathological changes, which comprised degenerative and necrotic changes in hepatocytes associated with haemorrhage, fibrosis, increased lobulation of the liver, mononuclear cell infiltration with haemosiderin deposition in fluke tracks and portal areas and the formation of granulomata around fluke eggs and fluke remnants. In the infected group there was slight hyperglobulinaemia and a marked hypoalbuminaemia, with a decrease in A/G ratio. A slight rise in the level of serum bilirubin was also observed.
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PMID:Studies on naturally-occurring ovine fascioliasis in the Sudan. 370 Oct 20

1. Pentachloroethane and tetrachloroethylene were major metabolites of hexachloroethane in sheep.2. Concentrations of hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane and tetrachloroethylene were determined by gas-liquid chromatography in blood, bile, faeces, urine and tissues after oral administration of hexachloroethane emulsions to sheep.3. Increased blood concentrations of sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamoyl transferase were found to follow oral administration of hexachloroethane or pentachloroethane.4. The rate of bromsulphthalein transfer from liver cells to bile was found to decrease after oral administration of hexachloroethane.
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PMID:Some hepatotoxic actions of hexachloroethane and its metabolites in sheep. 580 42

Brain from 47 avian and 17 mammalian species and the liver from 19 avian and 7 mammalian species has been examined for acetyl cholinesterase and nitrophenyl acetate esterase activities. Plasma from 27 avian and 7 mammalian species has been examined for acetyl cholinesterase, cholinesterase, nitrophenyl acetate esterase, glutamate, oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. The studies have revealed that variations in enzyme activities occur between species but that there are discernible trends within families. The results indicate that comprehensive control enzyme data is necessary in order to assess the effects of exposure to agricultural chemicals in wildlife.
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PMID:Control enzyme levels in the plasma, brain and liver from wild birds and mammals in Britain. 613 42

The stability of various marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma constituents was investigated after storage at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. The method of sequential analysis ensured that the between-run bias of the methods of analysis used was drastically reduced, and the definitions of stability were linked to the imprecision of these methods. Optimal conditions for storage for as long as 48 h depended on the analyte being measured. Room temperature was optimal for cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase; 4 degrees C for protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase; and -20 degrees C for glutathione reductase and alkaline phosphatase. For aspartate amino-transferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, either 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C would be suitable. Reasons are advanced for some conflicting reports in the published work, and we emphasize the need to investigate each analyte and species separately.
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PMID:Stabilities of some constituents of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma under various conditions of storage. 641 8

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

Haematological parameters and liver specific serum enzymes were examined in pigs during the first 12 weeks of liver migration of larvae following experimental infection with 1000 infective Stephanurus dentatus larvae. No significant changes in total red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, or haemoglobin content were observed. Total white blood cell counts and circulating eosinophils rose rapidly from days 5 and 19 after infection, respectively. Treatment with a mixture of levamisole (LEV) at 10 mg/kg and flubendazole (FLU) at 50 mg/kg in feed four weeks after infection halted the leucocyte response and returned values to normal in two weeks. Disophenol (DIP) at 15 mg/kg subcutaneously restricted the leucocyte response but it was only terminated following FLU treatment alone on day 61. No effects of S dentatus or either anthelmintic treatments on liver specific serum enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase or gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were found. Animals killed seven, 26 and 54 days after treatment showed significant resolution of fibrotic liver lesions after LEV + FLU but not after DIP. We conclude that LEV + FLU is an effective treatment for prepatent stephanuriasis but that liver damage is insufficiently traumatic to release sufficient enzymes into serum to be pathognomonic or to assess anthelmintic efficacy.
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PMID:Anthelmintic treatment of prepatent stephanuriasis with flubendazole, levamisole and disophenol and the effects on liver-specific serum enzymes. 645 45

The different doses of chlorfenvinphos given in diets with low-protein and optimal-protein level to young Wistar rats of both sexes were, after 10 or 30 days, without the significant influence on the activity of several serum enzymes used as diagnostic markers in determining the liver damage or disease, as for example:sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase (PHI), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. Not even important changes were found in the activity of aromatic amino acids aminotransferases in the brain and in protein content in the brain and liver of rats fed diets contaminated with chlorfenvinphos, irrespective of the protein concentration in the diet. Only in some cases at the highest concentration of chlorfenvinphos in the diets the decreased activity of aromatic amino acids aminotransferases appeared in the liver, more evident in low-protein rats. The decrease of the PHI activity in the brain and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum and brain depended mainly on the amount of chlorfenvinphos in the diets and to a lower degree on the amount of protein. All changes caused by chlorfenvinphos normalized during two weeks after its elimination from the diets.
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PMID:Alterations in some biochemical processes in the organism of rats being under the influence of chlorfenvinphos administered in diets with variable protein content. 648 45


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