Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our knowledge of the genes active during normal preimplantation development in cattle is limited, despite the importance for further improvement of fertility and applicability of biotechniques, like in vitro production and embryo transfer. We report on the construction of cDNA libraries as a source for expression profiling in oocytes and single preimplantation cattle embryos. cDNAs were prepared from two unfertilized oocytes, single two-cell, four-cell and eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stage embryos, respectively. The oocytes, eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stage embryo-derived cDNAs were ligated to a lambda-based expression vector and these have complexities of 8 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(6) independent clones, respectively. A total of 48 clones were picked and sequenced, 62.5% (30/48) of the sequence were homologous to known transcripts from human and mouse, 18.75% (9/48) to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of human and mouse origin. Novel sequences were detected at a frequency of 14.58% (7/48). PCR analyses of the embryonic libraries for specific genes revealed transcripts for genes including housekeeping genes (GAPDH and beta-actin), developmental genes (OCT-4, IGF-I receptor and homeodomain sequences) and genes coding for metabolic and protective enzymes (manganese superoxide dismutase, glutamine synthetase, flavin-containing mono-oxygenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alpha-2-macroglobulin). These cDNA libraries are a valuable resource for the isolation of clones representing genes active at these early developmental stages. The ability to construct cDNA expression libraries from only a few cells will allow gene expression analyses from embryo biopsies and embryos derived by nuclear transfer procedures.
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PMID:A source for expression profiling in single preimplantation bovine embryos. 1203 73

Protein oxidation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can lead to loss of protein function, abnormal protein turnover, interference with cell cycle, imbalance of cellular redox potential, and eventually cell death. Recent proteomics work in our laboratory has identified specifically oxidized proteins in AD brain such as: creatine kinase BB, glutamine synthase, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1, dihydropyrimidase-related protein 2, alpha-enolase, and heat shock cognate 71, indicating that a number of cellular mechanisms are affected including energy metabolism, excitotoxicity and/or synaptic plasticity, protein turnover, and neuronal communication. Synapse loss is known to be an early pathological event in AD, and incubation of synaptosomes with amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (Abeta 1-42) leads to the formation of protein carbonyls. In order to test the involvement of Abeta(1-42) in the oxidation of proteins in AD brain, we utilized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunochemical detection of protein carbonyls, and mass spectrometry to identify proteins from synaptosomes isolated from Mongolian gerbils. Abeta(1-42) treatment leads to oxidatively modified proteins, consistent with the notion that Abeta(1-42)-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegeneration in AD brain. In this study, we identified beta-actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-2 as significantly oxidized in synaptosomes treated with Abeta(1-42). Additionally, H+-transporting two-sector ATPase, syntaxin binding protein 1, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-actin, and elongation factor Tu were identified as increasingly carbonylated. These results are discussed with respect to their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of AD.
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PMID:Proteomic identification of proteins oxidized by Abeta(1-42) in synaptosomes: implications for Alzheimer's disease. 1588 19