Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrophoretic variation of the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) has been studied in the African murine malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii, P. vinckei and P. chabaudi and their subspecies. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used throughout. The number of isolates examined in each subspecies varied from 1 (P. y. nigeriensis) to 24 (P. c. chabaudi). Extensive enzyme variation was found among isolates of most of the subspecies from which more than two such isolates were available for study. It is clear that the phenomenon of enzyme polymorphism is of common occurrence among malaria parasites. With the exception of P. berghei and P. yoelii, of which all isolates share an identical electrophoretic form of lactate dehydrogenase, no enzyme forms are shared between any of the 4 species of murine plasmodia. By contrast, within each species common enzyme forms are shared among each of the subspecies. The subspecies are nevertheless, distinguished from each other by the electrophoretic forms of at least one enzyme. The distribution and reassortment of enzyme variation among isolates of a single subspecies is in accordance with the concept of malaria parasites as sexually reproducing organisms. The study of variation among parasites present in individual wild-caught rodent hosts demonstrates that natural malarial infections usually comprise genetically heterogeneous populations of parasites. Nevertheless, the number of genetically distinct types of parasite of any one species present in a single infected host appears to be small. Generally not more than 2 or 3 clones of parasite of distinct genetic constitution are present in a single infected animal.
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PMID:Studies on enzyme variation in the murine malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii, P. vinckei and P. chabaudi by starch gel electrophoresis. 35 25

Enzymes of parasite origin were identified by starch-gel electrophoresis. The species of parasite studied were Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, Babesia rodhaini and Anthemosoma garnhami. Lactate dehydrogenase, glucose phosphate isomerase and (NADP) glutamate dehydrogenase were detected in all species; phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was detected in both Plasmodium species but malate dehydrogenase only in P. y. nigeriensis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not detected in any parasite.
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PMID:Biochemistry of intraerythrocytic parasites. I. Identification of enzymes of parasite origin by starch-gel electrophoresis. 38 67

Nineteen southern African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum were typed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using 5 enzymes (glucose phosphate isomerase, adenosine deaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). Limited variation was found amongst the isolates and the frequencies of variants were similar to those of isolates from other parts of the world. Eight of the isolates contained 2 forms of glucose phosphate isomerase, indicating clonal heterogeneity. One of these 8 isolates also contained 2 forms of adenosine deaminase and another showed 2 forms of lactate dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Enzyme typing of southern African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 209 43

185 isolates of Plasmodium vivax were collected from patients visiting the malaria clinic run by the National Malaria Eradication Programme, Delhi, India. Percoll gradient centrifugation was used to concentrate P. vivax parasites from 0.4 to 0.5 ml of blood collected by finger prick. The parasite concentrate from each isolate was electrophoretically analysed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and adenosine deaminase (ADA). Variations were observed in GPI, GDH and ADA systems. Four electrophoretic forms of GPI and 5 each of GDH and ADA were observed. Electrophoretic mobilities of the different isoenzymic forms in P. vivax were identical to those reported for P. falciparum, indicating that the 2 species cannot be differentiated on the basis of electrophoretic patterns of the 4 enzyme systems studied.
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PMID:Plasmodium vivax: enzyme polymorphism in isolates of Indian origin. 269 26

Fifteen isolates of blood containing Plasmodium vivax were collected from hospital in-patients in Rangoon and the schizonts were harvested for starch gel electrophoresis of the following parasite isoenzymes--glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) (EC.5.3.1.9), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EC.1.4.1.4), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC.1.1.1.27) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) (EC.1.1.1.43). Variation was found only in GPI. The other three isoenzymes appeared to be invariant in all the isolates. Forms of GPI were recorded in two isolates of P. vivax which differed from those reported for P. falciparum; these new forms were designated GPI-4 and GPI-5.
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PMID:Isoenzyme variation in schizonts of Plasmodium vivax from Burma. 301 88

Effect of naphthoquinone levels on the activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycles was studied in male rats. Under conditions of primary and secondary K-avitaminosis the enzymatic activity, limiting these cycles, (aldolase of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glucose phosphate isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was increased, while the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity was decreased. As a result of metabolic transformations under conditions of K-avitaminosis (primary and secondary) concentration of DNA in the animal tissues was lowered.
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PMID:[The effect of vitamin K on the activity of glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle enzymes]. 342 Aug 14

We used high-resolution polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (PGGE) to separate four babesial enzymes to aid in the identification of two Babesia microti isolates established in hamsters. The isolates were compared to two different hamsters passages of the "Gray" strain. All isoenzymes patterns from the two isolates and the "Gray" strain were similar except glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) from one of the "Gray" strain passages. It showed a polymorphic GPI pattern as opposed to a monomorphic GPI pattern seen in the other "Gray" strain passage and the two isolates. The observed differences suggested that some population of B. microti are capable of having polymorphic GPI, that the "Gray" strain originally contained (and may still contain) a heterogeneous population of B. microti, and that the population possessing polymorphic GPI was selected over that with monomorphic GPI. This information was obtained by a PGGE method that eliminated hemoglobin from gels and allowed, for the first time, detection of babesial leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). In addition, this method provided molecular weight estimations on babesial GPI, LAP, IDH, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and it proved useful in the identification and characterization of the B. microti isolates.
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PMID:Isoenzyme analysis of Babesia microti infections in humans. 373 51

Sixty isolates of Plasmodium falciparum collected from hospital in-patients in Rangoon and out-patients from villages near Rangoon were tested in vitro for chloroquine sensitivity and then cultured to carry out starch gel electrophoresis of the following parasite enzyme: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) (EC.5.3.1.9.), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) EC.1.4.1.4), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC.1.1.1.27) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) (E.C.1.1.1.44). Variations were observed in three (GPI, GDH and LDH) of the four enzymes examined. Three forms of parasite GPI, two forms of parasite GDH, two forms of parasite LDH and only one form of parasite 6PGD were identified. Enzyme polymorphism was more common in isolates with higher resistance to chloroquine. One isolate with parasite GDH-2 and six isolates with parasite LDH-2 were recorded from chloroquine-resistant cases.
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PMID:Isoenzyme characterization of chloroquine-resistant isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Burma. 609 1

The different doses of chlorfenvinphos given in diets with low-protein and optimal-protein level to young Wistar rats of both sexes were, after 10 or 30 days, without the significant influence on the activity of several serum enzymes used as diagnostic markers in determining the liver damage or disease, as for example:sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase (PHI), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. Not even important changes were found in the activity of aromatic amino acids aminotransferases in the brain and in protein content in the brain and liver of rats fed diets contaminated with chlorfenvinphos, irrespective of the protein concentration in the diet. Only in some cases at the highest concentration of chlorfenvinphos in the diets the decreased activity of aromatic amino acids aminotransferases appeared in the liver, more evident in low-protein rats. The decrease of the PHI activity in the brain and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the serum and brain depended mainly on the amount of chlorfenvinphos in the diets and to a lower degree on the amount of protein. All changes caused by chlorfenvinphos normalized during two weeks after its elimination from the diets.
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PMID:Alterations in some biochemical processes in the organism of rats being under the influence of chlorfenvinphos administered in diets with variable protein content. 648 45

Variations in the allelic composition of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme systems of Plasmodium vivax were observed in isolates of Indian origin in 1985-1993. No significant difference was observed in allelic frequencies in different years. The data indicated random distribution of GPI, GDH and ADA alleles among the isolates, suggesting that loci for these enzymes were not linked. A high proportion of the isolates comprised at least 2 genetically distinct clones, the mean number of clones per isolate being 1.4. There was no significant difference in the number of oocysts in Anopheles stephensi fed on uniclonal and multiclonal isolates. No difference was observed in the proportions of uniclonal and multiclonal isolates during low and high transmission periods.
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PMID:Genetic structure of Plasmodium vivax isolates in India. 919 79


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