Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When cultured mouse pancreatic islets were exposed for 30 min to streptozotocin (STZ; 1.8 mM) and then maintained for 7 days in tissue culture, they displayed a decreased secretory response to D-glucose and an impairment of both FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and NAD-dependent 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase specific activities, with little change in either NAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase or glutamate dehydrogenase activity. The enzymatic defect was not reproduced by prolonged exposure of either rat islets to interleukin-1 (10 U/ml) or mouse islets to a high concentration of D-glucose (28 mM). In the former, but not latter, situation, the secretory response to D-glucose was again impaired. These findings reveal that STZ, but not all beta-cytotoxic agents, lowers the activity of selected islet mitochondrial dehydrogenases. Such enzymatic defects, especially the suppression of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, may explain the preferential alteration of the B-cell metabolic and secretory responses to D-glucose, as previously observed in islets of adult rats injected with STZ during the neonatal period.
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PMID:Long term in vitro effects of streptozotocin, interleukin-1, and high glucose concentration on the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases and the secretion of insulin in pancreatic islets. 153 41

Effects of STZ diabetes and treatment with insulin on cerebral mitochondrial metabolism in the male and female rats were examined. Diabetic state resulted in generalized decrease in the state 3 respiration rates in the males with practically all the substrates except glutamate where the opposite effect was seen. Diabetic state had no adverse effect on the respiratory activity in the females. Insulin treatment had no restorative effect in the males. By contrast in the females, adverse effects were noted. The cytochromes contents decreased in STZ diabetes with the effect being more pronounced in the males; treatment with 1 unit of insulin restored the cytochromes contents. STZ diabetes also resulted in decreased dehydrogenases activities with the effect being more pronounced in the females: insulin treatment resulted in hyper-stimulation of glutamate dehydrogenase and succinate DCIP reductase activities; restoration of malate dehydrogenase activity was only partial. The results point out that STZ diabetes and insulin treatments differentially affect cerebral mitochondrial energy metabolism in the male and female rats.
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PMID:Insulin status differentially affects energy transduction in cerebral mitochondria from male and female rats. 1662 78

The small intestine (SI) is the main site for food absorption and glutamine utilization hence critical in metabolic disorders that involve energy balance such as diabetes. This study investigates the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on SI morphology and some enzymes of glutamine metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley diabetic rats. High dose STZ-induced diabetes (HDD) and low dose STZ-induced diabetes (LDD) were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 and 40 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight respectively. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated for two weeks with OA, insulin or OA + insulin in HDD study while animals in the in LDD study were treated with OA. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in the weight of the SI of diabetic animals and of villus height (VH) in the jejunum and duodenum of HDD animals. OA and insulin treatment significantly decreased VH in duodenum of HDD animals while OA treatment profoundly increased VH in normal rats. Jejunal of phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity was unaffected by diabetes however alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were significantly (P<0.05) elevated by diabetes and treatments decreased these elevated aminotransferase activities. It is suggested that the intestine meets the energy demand in diabetes by modulating the activities of aminotransferases without change in PDG activity.
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PMID:Effect of oleanolic acid on small intestine morphology and enzymes of glutamine metabolism in diabetic rats. 2920 49