Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.4.1.2 (glutamate dehydrogenase)
 4,380 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Growing cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, but not those of closely related Yersinia pestis, rapidly destroyed exogenous L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids, thus prompting a comparative study of dicarboxylic amino acid catabolism. Rates of amino acid metabolism by resting cells of both species were determined at pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5. Regardless of pH, Y. pseudotuberculosis destroyed L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-aspartic acid, and L-asparagine at rates greater than those observed for Y. pestis. Although rates of proline degardation were similar, its metabolism by Y. pestis at pH 8.5 resulted in excretion of glutamic and aspartic acids. Similarly, Y. pestis excreted aspartic acid when incubated with L-glutamic acid (pH 8.5) or L-asparagine (pH 5.5, 7.0, and 8.5). Aspartase activity was not detected in extracts of 10 strains of Y. pestis but was present in all 11 isolates of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The latter contained significantly more glutaminase, asparaginase, and L-glutamate-oxalacetate transminase activity than did extracts of Y. pestis; specific activities of L-glutamate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were similar. The observed differences in dicarboxylic amino acid metabolism are traceable to asparatase deficiency in Y. pestis and may account for the slow doubling time of this organism relative to Y. pseudotuberculosis.
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PMID:Consequences of aspartase deficiency in Yersinia pestis. 71 77

Acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases of 192 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and by isoelectrofocusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. The six species were clearly separated from each other by their distinct enzyme electrophoretic polymorphism. For Y. enterocolitica, the strains of biotype 5 were differentiated from the other biotypes by the mobility of glutamate dehydrogenase. For Y. frederiksenii, six zymotypes were delineated by pI and by the mobility of the enzymes. Variation in number or mobility of esterases within each species could represent a marker for epidemiological and ecological analyses. A linear relationship was obtained between the mean genetic diversity coefficient of enzymes and the mean percentage DNA-DNA relatedness of Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. enterocolitica and Y. frederiksenii.
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PMID:Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y. aldovae, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. pseudotuberculosis by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate and malate dehydrogenases. 317 42

Two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. One pathway involves the NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. An alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. We have cloned the large subunit of the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) from Salmonella typhimurium by screening the expression of GOGAT and complementing the gene in E. coli GOGAT large subunit-deficient mutants. Three positive clones (named pUC19C12, pUC19C13 and pUC19C15) contained identical Sau3AI fragments, as determined by restriction mapping and Southern hybridization, and expressed GOGAT efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. The coding region expressed in Escherichia coli was about 170 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This gene spans 4,732 bases, contains an open reading frame of 4,458 nucleotides, and encodes a mature protein of 1,486 amino acid residues (Mr = 166,208). The FMN-binding domain of GOGAT contains 12 glycine residues, and the 3Fe-4S cluster has 3 cysteine residues. The comparison of the translated amino acid sequence of the Salmonella GOGAT with sequences from other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio vulnificus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sequence identity between 87 and 95%.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of Salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (GOGAT) gene in Escherichia coli. 1682 Jul 60

Escherichia coli is a common host for recombinant protein production in which production titers are highly dependent on the employed expression system. Promoters are thereby a key element to control gene expression levels. In this study, a novel PLICable promoter toolbox was developed which enables in a single cloning step and after a screening experiment to identify out of ten IPTG-inducible promoters (T7, A3, lpp, tac, pac, Sp6, lac, npr, trc and syn) the most suitable one for high level protein production. The target gene is cloned under the control of different promoters in a single and efficient cloning step using the ligase-free cloning method PLICing (phosphorothioate-based ligase-independent gene cloning). The promoter toolbox was firstly validated using three well producible proteins (a cellulase from a metagenome library, a phytase from Yersinia mollaretii and an alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida) and then applied to two enzymes (3D1 DNA polymerase and glutamate dehydrogenase mutant) which are poorly produced in E. coli. By applying our PLICable pET-promoter toolbox, the authors were able to increase production by two-fold for 3D1 DNA polymerase (lac promoter) and 29-fold for glutamate dehydrogenase mutant H52Y (trc promoter).
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PMID:Screening through the PLICable promoter toolbox enhances protein production in Escherichia coli. 2775 30