Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.3.99.3 (
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
)
1,425
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Background:
Nucleotides have been used as functional nutrients to improve the growth and health of animals, including fish. The mechanism involved in the growth-promotion effect of nucleotides is still unclear.
Objective:
We investigated the bioenergetic mechanism underlying the growth-promotion effect of nucleotides in zebrafish and the associated roles played by the intestinal microbiota.
Methods:
Larval zebrafish were fed a control or a 0.1% mixed nucleotides-supplemented diet for 2 wk. Standard metabolic rate, the minimal rate of energy expenditure by animals at rest, was evaluated by oxygen consumption with the use of a respirometer. The expressions of
fasting-induced adipose factor
(Fiaf), inflammatory cytokines, and genes involved in fatty acid (FA) oxidation were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The intestinal microbiota from the nucleotide-fed fish (NT fish) or control fish was transferred to 3-d postfertilization germ-free zebrafish in which oxygen consumption and expression of cytokines and
fiaf
were evaluated.
Results:
Compared with controls, nucleotide supplementation at 0.1% increased the weight and energy gains of zebrafish by 10% and 25%, respectively (
P
< 0.01). Standard metabolic rate was 28% lower in NT fish than in controls (
P
< 0.001). Nucleotide supplementation downregulated the inflammatory tone in the head kidney of the fish. Moreover, NT fish had a 51% lower intestinal expression of
fiaf
than did controls (
P
< 0.05), which was consistent with decreased expression of key genes involved in FA oxidation [carnitine:palmitoyl transferase 1a (
cpt1a
) and medium-chain
acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
(
mcad
)] in liver and muscle. Germ-free zebrafish colonized with microbiota from NT fish had a 25% lower standard metabolic rate than did those colonized by control microbiota (
P
< 0.01), whereas direct nucleotide feeding of germ-free zebrafish did not affect standard metabolic rate relative to germ-free controls that were not fed nucleotides. Furthermore, germ-free zebrafish colonized with nucleotide microbiota exhibited downregulated inflammatory tone and 33% lower
fiaf
expression compared with their control microbiota-colonized counterparts.
Conclusions:
The growth-promoting effect of dietary nucleotides in zebrafish involves 2 intestinal microbiota-mediated mechanisms that result in reduced standard metabolic rate:
1
) lower inflammatory tone and
2
) reduced FA oxidation associated with increased microbial suppression of intestinal
fiaf
.
...
PMID:The Growth-Promoting Effect of Dietary Nucleotides in Fish Is Associated with an Intestinal Microbiota-Mediated Reduction in Energy Expenditure. 2835 34
