Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, colony type 4, was studied. Outer membrane was isolated by lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of plasmolyzed cells according to Wolf-Watz et al. (1973). The degree of purity of the membrane preparations was checked by electron microscopy. The membrane fraction obtained had a density of 1.25 g/cm(3), was rich in phospholipase A and lysophospholipase, and contained only 10% of the total membrane activity of succinate dehydrogenase and d-lactate dehydrogenase. The outer membrane protein profile after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed at least six major proteins. The predominating protein showed a molecular weight of 35,000. The lipopolysaccharide component was characterized by gas chromatography. The carbohydrates found were galactose, glucose, and glucosamine. d-Glycero-l-manno-heptose was present in very low amounts. Lipid A contained lauric acid, stearic acid, and beta-hydroxy-myristic acid. About 20% of the fatty acids in the outer membrane was derived from lipid A. The phospholipids were characterized as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. There was no evidence for a lipoprotein anchored to the peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan of N. gonorrhoeae was of the chemotype I. The cell envelope of N. gonorrhoeae was found to be highly permeable to gentian violet. Cell envelopes of one penicillin-resistant and two penicillin-sensitive strains were compared. Only moderate differences in fatty acid composition were found.
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PMID:Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin-sensitive and-resistant strains. 80 26

By means of histochemical methods (gel-film incubation-media) superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma are investigated. The result of this examination is that with regard to their enzyme spectra, the nodular melanoma and the nodular part of the superficial spreading melanoma are very similar. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows the strongest enzyme reaction, followed by succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction is always weak. The reaction of acid phosphatase is between negative and weakly positive. Significant differences, however, are observed in lentigo maligna and in lentigo maligna melanoma. In both, the strongest formazan deposits are seen with succinate dehydrogenase, sometimes also with lactate dehydrogenase. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction, however, is sometimes considerably weaker. In the case of lentigo maligna melanoma, the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase often is increased, and acid phosphatase also shows higher reactions than in the other melanomas. These differences in the enzyme pattern correspond to the different biological behavior of the tumours. The enzymatical and biological characteristics of lentigo maligna melanoma possibly derive more from the characteristics of the tumour itself which are not dependent on the area.
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PMID:Histochemical findings in different types of malignant melanoma: biological and clinical significance. 81 58

Organ cultures of malignant tumours were histochemically and electronmicroscopically investigated. There was established that follows enzymes show a little activity in cultured tumour cells after 24 and 48 h: succinate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and nonspecific esterase, whereas NADH-diophorase, lactate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase show an essentially higher activity after termination of the cultivation. However, in comparison with the primare tissue, the activities of the last mentioned enzymes are clearly decreased in cultured tumour cells after termination of the cultivation. No changes of cell structures have electronmicroscopically been observed on these cultures of malignant tumours.
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PMID:[Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations on organ culture of malignant tumors (author's transl)]. 81 69

The myoepithelium of developing, lactating, and involuting mammary gland of the mouse exhibits a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The content of the alveoli and the apical plasma membrane of gland cells histochemically show enzyme activity before and after lactation but not during milk secretion. In the course of involution the alveoli shrink in size and the reaction of alkaline phosphatase becomes stronger in the gland tissue. In whole breast tissue the enzyme activity decreases, because in this time a great part of the alveoli are degraded and replaced by connective tissue and fat. As measured by a scanning microdensitometer the activity of some oxydoreductases (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase) increase in proceeding development of the mammary gland and reach their highest level at the time of lactation. Already 12 h after the start of involution the oxydoreductases loose 30 to 50% of their activity and undergo a further reduction 3 to 4 days later. On the other side the activity of lysosomal enzymes increase during involution. beta-Glucuronidase and leucine aminopeptidase have their highest activity in the early stage of involution, whereas acid phosphatase predominate in the late period of gland degradation.
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PMID:[Microdensitometric measurement enzyme activities in the mammary gland of the mouse]. 83 21

In the presented study the influence of freezing and freeze-drying on enzyme activity is described. Attention is paid to 16 enzymes which can be used for quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques. With the exception of succinate dehydrogenase only, no significant inactivation during freezing and freeze-drying procedures could be demonstrated with lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD+), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADH-oxydoreductase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non specific aryl esterase. Therefore, the results supply a sound foundation for those quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in which tissue specimens are frozen or frozen-dried before enzyme estimations are performed.
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PMID:The influence of freezing and freeze-drying of tissue specimens on enzyme activity. 87 Apr 61

Muscle samples from the vastus lateralis and maximal oxygen uptakes were obtained from 22 male and 7 female competitive cyclists. 19 untrained males, and 10 untrained females. Eleven of the 22 male cyclists were designated elite cyclists (Group A) on the basis of their success in national and/or international competition. The remaining 11 male cyclists (Group B) were also trained but had not achieved the same level of competitive success. Significant mean differences (P less than 0.05) between Groups A and B were found for VO2 max (67 and 57 ml/kg/min), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphorylase (PH), in biopsied muscle. No differences were evident between Groups A and B for % slow twitch (ST) and % fast twitch (FT) fibers, or in area FT or ST. Nor was there any difference in the mean activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) between the groups. Significant correlations were found between VO2 max and SDH, VO2 max and MDH, and between SDH and MDH. These data also indicate that an extremely high percentage of FT or ST fibers may not be a requirement for success in competitive cycling as has been found in earlier studies on sprint or endurance running.
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PMID:Characteristics of skeletal muscle in competitive cyclists. 89 26

The effects of 8 weeks' endurance training on muscle metabolism at rest and after a submaximal bicycle ergometer exercise were studied in 31 previously sedentary men, aged 56-70. Training consisted of 3-5 one hour exercise bouts per week including walking-jogging, swimming, gymnastics and ball games. The effects of training were similar to those previously reported for younger men. Mean maximal oxygen uptake increased (11%), as did the resting values for muscle glycogen concentration, the enzymes representing aerobic energy metabolism (malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase), and also some of the anaerobic enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase). Lactate production during submaximal work decreased. The enzyme activities were lower following acute exercise both before and after training.
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PMID:Effects of 8 weeks' endurance training on skeletal muscle metabolism in 56-70-year-old sedentary men. 91 82

Histochemical investigation of 32 biopsy specimens of the muscular tissue taken in patients with Erb's myopathy and 15 bioptic materials from patients with Charcot--Marie--Tooth's amyotrophy was carried out. Characteristics of distribution of enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase) in the muscular tissue of the patients referred to above are presented. A quantitative evaluation of the activity of enzymes was made by the method of count of granules of diphormazan with subsequent treatment of data by the statistical variation method.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in the muscles of patients with progressive muscular dystrophy]. 92 61

The plasmalemma and hyaline ectoplasm together constitute the sensory and motor organ of macrophages. The purpose of this study was to isolate this cell fraction in order to analyze it biochemically and functionally. Brief sonification of warmed rabbit lung macrophages caused release of heterodisperse hyaline blebs and filopodia, which were easily collected by differential centrifugation. Viewed in the electron microscope, these structures consisted of membrane-bounded sacs principally containing actin filaments. Some contained secondary lysosomes. They were enriched threefold over whole cell homogenates in specific adenylate cyclase activity and in trichloroacetic-acid-precipitable (125)I when derived from cells labeled with 125(I) by means of a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction. These markers were found to have identical isopycnic densitites when macrophage homogenates were subjected to sedimentation in a focusing sucrose density gradient system, and these markers had densities distinct from those of other cytoplasmic organelles. These markers were therefore assumed to be associated with macrophage plasma membranes. The specific beta- glucuronidase activity of the bleb fraction was similar to that of homogenates, but the blebs had considerably lower specific succinic dehydrogenase activity and RNA content, and DNA was undetectable. Electrophoresis of blebs solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate on polyacrylamide gels revealed polypeptides co-migrating with macrophage actin-binding protein, myosin, and actin; blebs also had EDTA-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity characteristic of myosin. The concentrations of actin-binding protein and myosin were higher in blebs than in cells or cytoplasmic extracts, whereas actin concentrations were similar (relative to extracts) or only slightly greater (than in cells). Blebs and intact cells had high lactate dehydrogenase activities in the presence but not the absence of Triton X-100. Blebs and cells oxidased 1-[(14)C]glucose, and the rate of glucose oxidation was increased substantially in the presence of latex beads. We conclude that intact sacs of plasmalemma encasing contractile proteins and cytoplasmic enzymes can be isolated from macrophages. They are enriched in myosin and actin-binding protein, indicating that the contractile apparatus is regulated in the cell periphery. These structures have the capacity to respond to environmental signals. We suggest the name "podosomes" for them because of their resemblance to macrophage pseudopodia. We propose that podosome formation results from rapid dissolution of the cortical gel when the membrane is in an actively extended configuration.
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PMID:Peripheral hyaline blebs (podosomes) of macrophages. 92 88

Muscle biopsies were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 14 elite distance runners, 18 middle distance runners, and 19 untrained men. The middle distance runners were all highly trained, but had significantly slower performance times than the elite runners at distances greater than 3 miles. Fiber composition and mean cross-sectional areas were determined from muscle sections incubated for histochemical activity. A portion of the specimen was used to determine succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LD/Y and phosphorylase activities. All subjects were tested for maximal oxygen uptake on a treadmill. As previously demonstrated by others, the elite runners' muscles were characterized by a high percentage (79%) of slow twitch (ST) fibers. On the average, the crosssectional area of their ST fibers was found to be 22% larger than the FT fibers (P less than 0.05). SDH activity of whole muscle homogenates from elicte and middle distance runners was 3.4- and 2.8- fold greater, respectively, than that measured in the untrained men. Since the LDH and phosphorylase activities were similar for the runners and untrained men, it appears that training for distance running has little influence on the enzymes of glycogenolysis.
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PMID:Muscle fiber composition and enzyme activities of elite distance runners. 95 38


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