Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of acrylamide on selected glycolytic and citric acid cycle enzymes has been studied in denervated cat sciatic nerves in vitro and in vivo. The enzyme activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), neuron specific enolase (NSE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), has been examined in saline-perfused, desheathed and denervated peroneal (P) and tibial (T) nerves from cats treated with acrylamide (15 mg/kg/day, s.c.) or vehicle for 15 days. GAPDH activity in denervated P and T nerve stumps was 2.0- and 2.3-fold higher than normal P and T nerve values. GAPDH activity in Schwann cells in denervated P and T nerves of acrylamide-treated cats was markedly reduced (56% and 61% of untreated denervated nerves, respectively). LDH and SDH activities were unaffected by acrylamide and NSE activity was absent in denervated nerve stumps. Acrylamide (0.5 and 20 mM) inhibited GAPDH activity in denervated nerve homogenates by 67% and 29%, respectively. This study demonstrates that acrylamide inhibits GAPDH in Schwann cells. The significance of GAPDH inhibition by acrylamide in denervated nerves and its relation to distal axonopathy has been discussed.
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PMID:Action of acrylamide on selected enzymes of energy metabolism in denervated cat peripheral nerves. 402 45

The toxic effects of two metabolic inhibitors, dinitrophenol and iodoacetic acid, were compared. Mouse neuroblastoma cell cultures (Neuro-2a) were exposed to different concentrations of the toxic compounds for 24, 48 and 72 h to study basal toxicity effects (cell proliferation by quantification of total protein content (PR) and relative neutral red uptake (RNRU) by lysosomes). The following biochemical indicators assessed in the in vitro test system were: cytosolic phosphofructokinase (PFK) and enolase (ENL) activities in glycolysis; mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the citric acid cycle; lysosomal beta-galactosidase (GAL) activity; and neuronal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The effects of the two metabolic inhibitors on the various indicators differed. Iodoacetic acid was found to be far more toxic than dinitrophenol to neuroblastoma cell proliferation at 24 h exposure. Though 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodoacetic acid both inhibited cell proliferation of the neuroblastoma cells, their effects on the other endpoints were opposite. Dinitrophenol was a general activator of the metabolism, particularly affecting lysosomal function. Iodoacetic acid did not significantly alter general metabolism, but considerably modified lysosomal function and AChE activity. The modification of lysosomal function of Neuro-2a cells by the two compounds was quite different: dinitrophenol increased RNRU and GAL activity, and iodoacetic acid decreased both parameters.
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PMID:Comparative effects of the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodoacetate on mouse neuroblastoma cells in vitro. 865 53

Chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine derivatives are neuroleptic drugs of widespread use for clinical situations beyond the realm of psychiatry, such as to control nausea, vomiting and intractable hiccups. The present study investigated in vitro different cytotoxic effects of chlorpromazine in cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro-2a exposed to different concentrations of this compound. Indicators assessed were cell proliferation by quantification of total protein content of the cell culture, lysosomal function evaluated by the relative uptake of neutral red cytosolic phosphofructokinase (PFK) and enolase (ENL) activities in glycolysis, mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the citric acid cycle, lysosomal beta-galactosidase (GAL) activity, and neuronal acetylcholinesterase activity. Marked inhibitory effects were found for cell proliferation and relative neutral red uptake; PFK, ENL and GAL activities had no significant differences from control. Stimulation was specifically detected on SDH and the Krebs cycle at concentrations up to 30 microM. Chlorpromazine did not have high toxicity for cytotoxic effects on lysosomes.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of chlorpromazine on mouse neuroblastoma cells. 1050 25

Age-related protein nitration was studied in skeletal muscle of Fisher 344 and Fisher 344/Brown Norway (BN) F1 rats by a proteomic approach. Proteins from young (4 months) and old (24 months) Fisher 344 rats and young (6 months) and old (34 months) Fisher 344/BN F1 animals were separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Western blot showed an age-related increase in the nitration of a few specific proteins, which were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS/MS. We identified age-dependent apparent nitration of beta-enolase, alpha-fructose aldolase, and creatine kinase, which perform important functions in muscle energy metabolism, suggesting that the nitration of such key proteins can be, in part, responsible for the decline of muscle motor function of the muscle. Furthermore, we have identified the apparent nitration of succinate dehydrogenase, rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GdI-2), triosephosphate isomerase, troponin I, alpha-crystallin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
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PMID:Proteomic identification of age-dependent protein nitration in rat skeletal muscle. 1460 22

The neuroprotective potential of cannabinoids has been examined in rats with striatal lesions caused by 3-nitropropionic acic (3NP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II. We used the CB1 agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide (ACEA), the CB2 agonist HU-308, and cannabidiol (CBD), an antioxidant phytocannabinoid with negligible affinity for cannabinoid receptors. The administration of 3NP reduced GABA contents and also mRNA levels for several markers of striatal GABAergic projection neurons, including proenkephalin (PENK), substance P (SP) and neuronal-specific enolase (NSE). We also found reductions in mRNA levels for superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and -2 (SOD-2), which indicated that 3NP reduced the endogenous antioxidant defences. The administration of CBD, but not ACEA or HU-308, completely reversed 3NP-induced reductions in GABA contents and mRNA levels for SP, NSE and SOD-2, and partially attenuated those found in SOD-1 and PENK. This indicates that CBD is neuroprotective but acted preferentially on striatal neurons that project to the substantia nigra. The effects of CBD were not reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716. The same happened with the TRPV1 receptor antagonist capsazepine, in concordance with the observation that capsaicin, a TRPV1 receptor agonist, failed to reproduce the CBD effects. The effects of CBD were also independent of adenosine signalling as they were not attenuated by the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist MSX-3. In summary, this study demonstrates that CBD provides neuroprotection against 3NP-induced striatal damage, which may be relevant for Huntington's disease, a disorder characterized by the preferential loss of striatal projection neurons. This capability seems to be based exclusively on the antioxidant properties of CBD.
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PMID:Cannabidiol reduced the striatal atrophy caused 3-nitropropionic acid in vivo by mechanisms independent of the activation of cannabinoid, vanilloid TRPV1 and adenosine A2A receptors. 1767 54

Sarcopenia is the drastic loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength during ageing. In order to better understand the molecular pathogenesis of age-related muscle wasting, we have performed a DIGE analysis of young adult versus old rat skeletal muscle. Proteomic profiling revealed that out of 2493 separated 2-D spots, 69 proteins exhibited a drastically changed expression. Age-dependent alterations in protein abundance indicated dramatic changes in metabolism, contractile activity, myofibrillar remodelling and stress response. In contrast to decreased levels of pyruvate kinase (PK), enolase and phosphofructokinase, the mitochondrial ATP synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase (AK) were increased in senescent fibres. Higher expression levels of myoglobin and fatty acid binding-protein indicated a shift to more aerobic-oxidative metabolism in a slower-twitching aged fibre population. The drastic increase in alphaB-crystallin and myotilin demonstrated substantial filament remodelling during ageing. An immunoblotting survey of selected muscle proteins confirmed the pathobiochemical transition process in aged muscle metabolism. The proteomic analysis of aged muscle has identified a large cohort of new biomarkers of sarcopenia including opposite changes in PK and AK, which might be useful for the design of improved diagnostic procedures and/or therapeutic strategies to counteract ageing-induced muscle degeneration.
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PMID:Opposite pathobiochemical fate of pyruvate kinase and adenylate kinase in aged rat skeletal muscle as revealed by proteomic DIGE analysis. 1805 Feb 75

The base sequences of the nucleic acids corresponding to ten proteins (aconitase, alcohol dehydrogenase, enolase, fumarase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase and succinate dehydrogenase) belonging to a total of 154 species, ranging from prokaryotes to vertebrates, were compared with the base sequences of oligoribotides whose growth rates were calculated by a chemical kinetics model. It was shown that oligoribotides grown according to the kinetics model have a fraction of repetitive bases larger than expected from random processes. The base sequences of nucleic acids of prokaryotes and eukaryotes retain, in decreasing proportions, this feature of their abiotic past. Chemically synthesized pentameric stretches with repetitive bases are slightly more abundant than those present in prokaryotes. Genetic drift and natural selection, operating as fundamental laws even for the most primitive living systems, reduced the original, chemically controlled, repetitive base frequency in prokaryotes, which was further reduced for eukaryotes.
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PMID:The patterns of base sequences in the nucleic acids of prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflect features of their abiotic past. 1922 42

This study was designed to investigate the differences in the proteomes of high- and low-quality goat and bovine muscles. In total, 364 and 111 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the high-quality/low-quality bovine and goat samples, respectively. The bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that DEPs are involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. An analysis of quality-related DEPs showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) could be potential biomarkers for colour, while enolase (ENO) can be used as a marker protein for tenderness qualities in goat. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 14-3-3 protein can indicate goat and bovine tenderness, while heat-shock proteins (HSPs) can also be used as tenderness marker proteins for different species. Glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) can be used as a protein to detect fat content, and guanine ribonucleotide-binding protein (G protein) may be a flavour marker protein in bovine meat.
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PMID:Comparison of protein differences between high- and low-quality goat and bovine parts based on iTRAQ technology. 3095 8