Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ciliary muscle of the primate eye was stained histochemically with enzymes used to differentiate fiber types in the skeletal muscle. Differences between the outer meridional section and the rest of the muscle were found with all enzymes. Staining for myosin-ATPase with acid and alkaline preincubation, as well as for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), resulted in a stronger reaction in the meridional section, while the reticular and circular portions showed minor activities. In contrast, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) revealed a stronger activity in the reticular and circular muscle cells. Ultrastructurally, the meridional muscle cells contained fewer mitochondria, but more myofibrils in the cytoplasm, while circular and reticular muscle cells showed just the opposite. Therefore, the cells of the meridional ciliary muscle section resemble in some respects the rapid type-II skeletal muscle fibers, and the circular und reticular muscle cells are comparable to the slow type-I fibers of the skeletal muscle.
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PMID:[Structural differences in the structure of the ciliary muscles in eyes of primates. A histochemical and morphological study]. 221 May 68

The purpose of this study was to investigate metabolic changes in equine muscle from birth to 1 yr of age. Duplicate biopsies from the middle portion of the gluteus medius were obtained from a depth of 2 cm beneath the superficial fascia at 1 day, 7 days, 1 mo, 3 mo, 6 mo, and 1 yr of age in 11 quarter horses and at 1 day, 3 mo, 6 mo, and 1 yr of age in 5 Standardbreds. Muscle enzyme activities determined were citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Percent fast-twitch, fast-twitch high oxidative, and slow-twitch oxidative fiber types were determined using succinate dehydrogenase and myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (pH 9.4) histochemical stains. Histochemically determined muscle fiber-type percents did not change dramatically with increasing age. However, lactate dehydrogenase activity increased threefold in quarter horses and twofold in Standardbreds, and phosphorylase activity increased sixfold in quarter horses and sevenfold in Standardbreds from 1 day to 6 mo of age. Citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities decreased during the first 3 mo of age in quarter horses.
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PMID:Changes in the metabolic profile of equine muscle from birth through 1 yr of age. 234 82

The main bulk of the larval tail in Xenopus laevis is composed of thick muscle fibres which are succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) negative and show strong positive ATPase activity only at alkaline preincubation (pH 10.4). The thin muscle fibres (which cover the surface of the myotomes and extend to the tail tip) show positive SDH activity as well as strong positive ATPase activity after both alkaline and acid preincubations (pH 10.4, 4.5, 4.4, and 4.3). The pattern of myosin isoenzymes does not change in the tail muscle in the course of development of Xenopus: the same three bands of larval isomyosins were found in all the examined developmental stages: 40, 47, 50 and 56. However, the larval bands were distinct from three bands of myosin isoforms in the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) and musculus gastrocnemius (MG) of the metamorphosed Xenopus.
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PMID:Histochemistry and isomyosins of tail musculature in Xenopus. 252 68

Cardiac contractile function is dependent on the integrity and function of the sarcolemmal membrane. Swimming exercise training is known to increase cardiac contractile performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a swimming exercise program would alter sarcolemmal enzyme activity, ion flux, and composition in rat hearts. After approximately 11 wk of exercise training, cardiac myosin and actomyosin Ca2+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity was significantly higher in exercised rat hearts than in sedentary control rat hearts. Glycogen content was increased in plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles from exercised animals as was succinic dehydrogenase activity in gastrocnemius muscle of exercised rats in comparison to sedentary rat preparations. Sarcolemmal vesicles were isolated from hearts of exercise-trained and control rats. Sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase and K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activities, Na+-Ca2+ exchange, and passive Ca2+ binding did not differ between the two groups. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and 5'-nucleotidase activity were elevated in the cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from exercised animals compared with sedentary control rats. Sarcolemmal phospholipid composition was not altered by the exercise training. Our results demonstrate that swimming training in rats does not affect most parameters of cardiac sarcolemmal function or composition. However, the elevated sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump activity in exercised rats may help to reduce intracellular Ca2+ and augment cardiac relaxation rates. The enhanced 5'-nucleotidase activity may stimulate adenosine production, which could affect myocardial blood flow. The present results further our knowledge on the subcellular response of the heart to swimming training in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of chronic swimming training on cardiac sarcolemmal function and composition. 273 62

The influence of variations in muscle fibre composition on isometric endurance capacity was measured in 23 young healthy untrained male volunteers. After determination of the maximum voluntary force of contraction (MVC), subjects sustained to fatigue contractions at forces of 80%, 50% and 20% of MVC with a 5-min rest between each. A needle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis and used for histochemical determination of fibre composition based on myosin ATP-ase activity, and fibre are a based on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Endurance times were 21 +/- 9 s (mean +/- SD) at 80% of MVC, 56 +/- 17 s at 50% of MVC and 203 +/- 89 s at 20% of MVC. A wide range of muscle fibre compositions was observed with Type I fibres accounting for 48.0 +/- 10.5% of the total, corresponding to 45.0 +/- 11.5% of the total muscle area. Muscle fibre composition, whether expressed as the proportions of the different fibre types present, or as the fraction of total muscle cross-sectional area occupied by each fibre type was not correlated with isometric endurance capacity at any of the three forces studied. Endurance time was also unrelated to MVC. In contrast to the results of previous studies where trained subjects were used, or where different muscle groups were compared, these results suggest that isometric endurance is not influenced by muscle fibre composition.
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PMID:The relationship between muscle myosin ATP-ase activity and isometric endurance in untrained male subjects. 293 54

In order to study the development of the m. soleus muscle fibers during postnatal ontogenesis in the rat, methods for revealing ATPase activity of myosin at preincubation in acidic and alcaline medium and lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity have been used. The m. soleus undergoes three stages of development. The first stage--from birth of the animal up to the 7th day. During this time the muscle is homogenous. The second stage is characterized by appearance of certain histochemical differences in the muscle fibers. The muscle becomes mixed. During the whole period (in males from the 7th up to the 175th, and in females from the 7th up to the 60th-70th day) transferring of glycolytic fibers into oxidative-glycolytic ones with their successive transformation into oxidative fibers is observed. During the third stage (in males older than 175, and in females older than 60-70 days) the m. soleus converts from the mixed into the homogenous one consisting of oxidative fibers.
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PMID:[Growth of different types of muscle fibers of the soleus muscle during postnatal ontogeny in the rat]. 293 93

Extensor digitorum longus muscles of male adult White New Zealand rabbits were indirectly stimulated at 10 Hz for 12 h daily for periods ranging up to 28 days. After four weeks the stimulated muscles showed a nearly uniform profile of high succinate dehydrogenase activity and, when incubated after acid preincubation for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, displayed more dark- and intermediate-staining fibers than their contralateral counterparts. Muscles stimulated from between 6 to 21 days revealed degenerative foci and phagocytosis of degenerated fibers. These fibers were mostly of the fast-twitch, glycolytic type. Small myofibers, which often contained central nuclei, and structures identified as myoblasts or myotubes, reacted with a monoclonal antibody prepared against embryonic myosin heavy chains. The data suggest that under the employed conditions the fast to slow conversion of chronically stimulated fast-twitch rabbit muscle is not exclusively caused by adult fiber transformation, but results in part from the substitution of fast-twitch glycolytic fibers with newly formed fibers that have a high oxidative profile.
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PMID:Degeneration-regeneration as a mechanism contributing to the fast to slow conversion of chronically stimulated fast-twitch rabbit muscle. 294 Nov 48

By means of histological methods for revealing adenosine triphosphatase of myosin (pH 4.6) and succinate dehydrogenase activity, using postmortem material, development of various muscle fibers of the femoral m. quadriceps and m. soleus has been studied in human ontogenesis. The first stage of rearrangements lasts from the 5th-6th month of the uterine development up to 2 years of age and is characterized by formation (from non-differentiated) of oxidative, glycolytic and oxidative-glycolytic fibers. During the period from 2 up to 7-8 years of age the ratio in the types changes slightly, but transversal section size of the muscle fiber increases intensively. Then from 11 up to 17 years of age, together with maximal increment of the fibers transversal section, there is an essential change in the type relation. By the 17th years of age, in the femoral m. quadriceps the part of the fibers with glycolytic type of energy supply increases, while in the m. soleus the oxidative fibers become more numerous. By the 70th years of age in the femoral m. quadriceps relative amount of intermediate fibers increases.
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PMID:[Development of various types of muscle fibers in the quadriceps femoris and the soleus during human ontogenesis]. 294 54

1. Normal and chronically stimulated peroneus longus muscles of the cat's hind limb were studied with respect to fibre size and staining properties for myofibrillar (myosin) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. The intensity of staining for SDH activity was measured by microphotometry from the central portions of the muscle fibres ('core-SDH staining'). For comparison, histochemical properties were also studied in non-stimulated soleus muscles. 2. On account of the pH sensitivity of their myofibrillar ATPase, about 18% of the fibres in normal peroneus longus muscles were classified as type I, and about half of the remainder as II A and II B respectively. 3. In the normal peroneus longus muscles, the mean diameter of single muscle fibres generally varied between about 25 and 75 micron, whereby the average size of type I less than type II. 4. In the normal peroneus longus muscles the staining intensity for core SDH varied over a wide range. The average heaviness of staining was clearly ranked in the order type I greater than type II A greater than type II B. 5. Chronic stimulation was given to the deafferented common peroneal nerve by aid of a portable and remotely controlled mini-stimulator. The stimulation was delivered in 'tonic' patterns (greater than or equal to 50% of total time taken up by activity) of 'fast' (20 or 40 Hz) or 'slow' (5 or 10 Hz) rates. 6. Prior to the period of long-term stimulation, the cats had been subjected to a dorsal rhizotomy and hemispinalization on the ipsilateral (left) side. In the absence of chronic stimulation, these operations had no evident effects on the sizes or staining properties of peroneus longus fibres. 7. After 8 weeks of treatment with tonic patterns of stimulation, the fibres of peroneus longus muscles clearly became more similar to each other with respect to their diameter as well as their staining for ATPase and SDH activity. With respect to ATPase staining, however, the chronically stimulated peroneus longus fibres had become more similar to non-stimulated soleus fibres than to non-stimulated type I fibres of peroneus longus. With respect to the staining for core SDH, the chronically stimulated fibres all became similar to normal II A fibres of peroneus longus. The 'fast' and 'slow' patterns of chronic stimulation had the same effects on the staining properties. 8. Chronically stimulated peroneus longus muscles showed a decrease in fibre diameter which corresponded, roughly, to the concomitant decrease in muscle weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Fibre sizes and histochemical staining characteristics in normal and chronically stimulated fast muscle of cat. 295 93

Motor units were studied in the soleus muscle of normal adult cats and adult cats that had undergone complete spinal cord transection approximately 4 mo earlier. Intracellular recording and stimulation techniques were used to study selected electrical properties of the motoneuron and isometric contractile properties of the muscle unit. Motor unit fibers were depleted of their glycogen through repetitive stimulation of the motoneuron and identified by a quantitative histochemical determination of glycogen. A sample of muscle fibers from the glycogen-depleted unit and from fibers not depleted of glycogen were analyzed for cross-sectional area, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), and alkaline myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase. It was observed that the fiber-to-fiber variability in cross-sectional area and SDH and GPD activity within units of normal and transected cats was significantly larger than that measured in repeated samples from a single fiber. Additionally, for each of these properties, the range found among fibers within a unit was similar to that found among nondepleted fibers of the same myosin type. The influence of spinal cord transection on some muscle fibers seemed to result in a metabolic shift from the generalized category of slow-oxidative toward fast-oxidative glycolytic. This shift in metabolic properties appeared to be coupled with a similar shift in the physiological properties of the muscle unit and motoneuron from slow to fast.
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PMID:Coordination of electromechanical and metabolic properties of cat soleus motor units. 297 41


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