Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of a number of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, membrane function etc. was compared in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat bladder and in human bladder tumours. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in both rat and Man were characterized by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), succinate dehydrogenase (SD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, binding for antibodies specific for different cytochrome P-450 species (UT50, PB3a, MC1, MC2) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) was elevated in both murine and human tumours. Comparison of the enzyme phenotype in hyperplastic lesions induced by freeze ulceration or uracil administration with that in preneoplastic papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PNH) and TCC suggested, however, that most of the alteration in enzyme content or activity was non-specific and related to requirements for epithelial cell proliferation. On the other hand, the decreased ALP, and increased GGT and beta-G1 activity appeared more directly related to neoplastic transformation. The results suggested that qualitative differences exist between reactive hyperplasia and preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder. The finding of increased cytochrome P-450, in clear contrast to the reduction characteristic of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, may be important with regard to the observed difference in neoplastic transformation between the bladder and liver in response to drug metabolising enzyme inducers.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of enzyme phenotypes in human bladder tumours and experimentally induced hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat urinary bladder. A combined histochemical and immunohistochemical approach. 256 27

The histochemical activities of nonspecific acid and alkaline phosphatases, NADH- and NADPH-tetrazolium reductases, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were investigated in kidneys from rats treated with lithium and lithium plus neuroleptics. During the first 8 weeks of lithium treatment the activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase, succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in the collecting ducts increased. The other enzymes did not change. After 8 weeks of treatment no further changes in enzyme activity occurred. Withdrawal of lithium caused normalization of enzyme activity after 8 weeks. A decrease in concentration ability was found in parallel with the increase in enzyme activities (p less than 0.001). The changes in enzyme activity were not significantly correlated to morphological changes in the collecting ducts. Treatment with neuroleptics alone caused no change in enzyme activity. During combined lithium plus neuroleptic treatment the enzyme activities changed in a similar way as during lithium therapy, but the changes were less pronounced. In parallel, a less pronounced decrease in concentration ability was found during this treatment.
 ...
PMID:Correlation between distal nephron enzyme activity, structure and function in rats during lithium and lithium plus neuroleptic treatment. 285 95

Renal tubular lesions induced in male rats by two different carcinogens, N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN), using a limited exposure "stop" protocol were investigated histochemically to demonstrate phenotypic cellular changes. The parameters measured included basophilia, glycogen content and the activity of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PASE), glycogen synthetase (SYN), glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). The lesions observed were predominantly of either basophilic or oncocytic types. In each case, tubular lesions (altered tubules) appeared to give rise to epithelial tumors (epitheliomas) with the same cellular phenotype. Basophilic tubules and epitheliomas proved to be strongly positive for GAPDH and G6PDH while demonstrating a reduction or loss of G6PASE, ALP, ACP, gamma-GT, and SDH compared with controls and the surrounding proximal or distal tubules. In addition, large basophilic epitheliomas demonstrated an increase in both SYN and PHO activities. In contrast, most oncocytic tubules and oncocytomas characterized by abundant densely granular cytoplasm showed a reduction in the activity of G6PDH, but were intensely positive for SDH. However, a few oncocytic lesions demonstrated a decrease in both SDH and G6PDH activity. Rarely, decreased SDH and elevated G6PDH activities were observed in altered tubules resembling oncocytic tubules. It remains to be clarified whether these tubules represent a variation of the oncocytic lesions or, perhaps, another type of tubular lesion. The results indicate that basophilic and oncocytic epithelial tumors differ in their cytochemical pattern and histogenesis. In line with earlier suggestions, the basophilic tumors apparently originate from the proximal renal tubules, while the oncocytomas develop from the distal parts of the nephron. The basophilic tumors are characterized by an increased pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, with a corresponding reduction in mitochondrial respiration. However, the majority of the oncocytomas show an increased activity of the mitochondrial enzyme SDH, and a marked decrease in the activity of the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway.
 ...
PMID:Correlative histochemical studies on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the kidney of rats treated with nitrosamines. 287 45

In vivo administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) in Anabas testudineus, while significantly stimulated the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (cyt. MDH; mit. MDH), and Mg2+ DNP-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase) activities. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and catalase remained unaltered after L-T4 treatment. Administration of protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, while significantly inhibited cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, catalase, SDH, and Mg2+ ATPase activities, did not change LDH, cyt. MDH, and mit. MDH activities. Chloramphenicol injection significantly stimulated cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, and G-6-PDH activities. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) or L-T4 prevented the effects of thyroid hormones on enzyme activities, when compared to the respective controls.
 ...
PMID:Oxidative metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus Bloch: effect of thyroid hormones on hepatic enzyme activities. 292 Sep 3

The evaluation of the specific activity of some enzymes related to energy transduction was performed in 7 fresh samples of malignant gliomas and in 4 samples of normal brain tissue. Compared with normal brain tissue, the hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and citrate synthase activities are lower; the lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are unchanged, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase activities are higher in gliomas.
 ...
PMID:Enzymes related to energy metabolism in human gliomas. 294 16

Follicular and sebaceous gland cell differentiation was investigated during treatment of acne patients with isotretinoin. Sebaceous glands were significantly reduced in volume and showed decreased metabolic activity as measured by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase enzyme activities. There was no measurable change in the volume of follicular duct epithelium or in its metabolic activity during treatment. Metabolic activity was also unchanged in the interfollicular epidermis, contrasting with the effects of another retinoid, etretinate. These findings provide no support for the proposition that alteration in the process of follicular keratinization forms a substantial part of the mode of action of isotretinoin.
 ...
PMID:The effects of isotretinoin on follicular and sebaceous gland differentiation. 296 Mar 70

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated after N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) treatment with concomitant and subsequent administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for development of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions. In addition to clear, acidophilic, mixed cell and basophilic foci, a hitherto undescribed lesion type demonstrating a unique morphological and histochemical phenotype was observed in animals receiving both NNM and DHEA. The cells of the majority of these lesions for which we propose the designation amphophilic foci were characterized by increased granular acidophilia and randomly scattered cytoplasmic basophilia. Histochemically, reduced glycogen content and elevated activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), acid phosphatase (AP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and catalase (CAT) were evident. The lack of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) or glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) in foci of this type allowed clear differentiation from other NNM-induced focal lesions while suggesting certain similarities to pre-neoplastic cells induced by hypolipidemic agents. Similar enzyme histochemical patterns were characteristic for foci and later appearing nodules (adenomas) composed of amphophilic/tigroid cells the basophilic material of which was increased and frequently arranged in long striped bands. DHEA treatment, while not itself inducing any preneoplastic foci, was thus associated with altered phenotypic expression of foci and adenomas generated by NNM.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemical and morphological phenotype of amphophilic foci and amphophilic/tigroid cell adenomas in rat liver after combined treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone and N-nitrosomorpholine. 296 25

The duration of the presumed metabolic depression of syngeneic vena cava to aorta transplants was determined in rats and the site and type of energy metabolism in the vein grafts assessed. The aerobic metabolic activity was measured from the histochemical reactivity of the enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and the anaerobic activity by staining with lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the hexose-monophosphate shunt was assessed by the histochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sixteen hours after grafting a pronounced metabolic depression was noted. Recovery occurred 24 hours after transplantation. The most intense staining was from lactate dehydrogenase in the vein grafts and in the non-transplanted veins. At the end of the observation period of four months the grafts were definitely more strongly stained than the non-transplanted veins, with most of the activity in the thickened intima. This layer had a metabolic profile resembling that of the media of the adjacent aorta.
 ...
PMID:Histochemical examination of energy metabolism in aortic vein grafts in rats. 302 37

Architectural arrangement, ultrastructure, and selected histochemical properties of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) liver were examined. Although hematopoietic tissue (1-4 cells thick) invested the liver, direct vascular communication between this tissue and hepatic parenchyma was not observed. The liver was intensely positive when stained with Oil-red-O and periodic acid-Schiff reagent and connective tissue was limited to large vascular channels and the capsule. A distinctive polarity was observed in the hepatic vascular system when lobes were viewed in cross section. Dorsally, portal venules accompanied arterioles and branches of the biliary system, while tributaries of hepatic veins were observed ventrally. Following perfusion fixation, hepatocytes appeared as sheets of cells 1-5 cells thick; however, lobules as defined in adult mammalian liver were absent. Hepatocytes contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, electron-dense lysosomes, patches of granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets. Continuous endothelial cells lined sinusoids and exhibited fenestrae organized into structures similar to sieve plates observed in mammalian liver. Variable numbers of melanin-containing macrophages and subendothelial macrophages were observed; however, Kupffer cells and lipid containing perisinusoidal fat-storing cells were not seen. Patterns of reaction product for glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were localized in the newt liver. All enzymes exhibited a uniform distribution pattern; however, small punctate regions of intensely positive G-6-PDH cells were noted within hepatic parenchyma. Cells comprising the hematopoietic tissue were intensely positive for G-6-Pase, G-6-PHD, and negative for SDH.
 ...
PMID:Morphologic and histochemical analysis of the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) liver. 303 62

The present study was conducted on bone tissue responses to irradiation towards a treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury by comparing the results of experimental observations of irradiation effects on rabbit hind legs and rat mandibular bones (paper I, II and III) with clinical observations of irradiation effects on the human mandible (paper IV, V and VI). The main results of the study were as follows: Bone marrow haemorrhage, eosinophilia and incipient edema were encountered in the rabbit leg one day after a single irradiation dose. Edema and fibrosis were the salient features after five weeks, while both regenerative and fibrotic changes predominated eleven weeks after irradiation. The changes were the more extensive the greater the irradiation dose was. Empty lacunae as a sign of cell damage in cortical bone already appeared on the first day after irradiation; this effect reached its maximum when the dose was 20 Gy or more. Bone marrow and subcutaneous tissue pO2 and pCO2 were measured by means of implanted Silastic tonometers in irradiated and nonirradiated rabbit hind legs. Single dose irradiation was followed by a rapid, dose dependent decrease of marrow pO2. The corresponding effect on pCO2 was weaker and appeared later. The response to hyperoxia in the bone marrow became weaker when the irradiation dose increased. Less significant was the response of CO2 tension to hyperoxia. O2 and CO2 tensions were recovered after single dose irradiation both in subcutaneous tissue and in bone marrow, but the reduction was less in bone marrow. During the twelve weeks observation period clearly better recovery in tissue gas tensions was observed in subcutaneous tissue than in bone marrow. Nonirradiated periosteal grafts on irradiated bone cavities in the rabbit tibia induced more rapid and intense mature bone formation than irradiated periosteal grafts. The irradiated periosteum, even after a single dose of 20 Gy, had some osteogenetic capacity. The alkaline phosphatase content was lowered eight weeks after surgery in irradiated legs but clearly exceeded control values twelve weeks after surgery indicating new bone formation. Lysosomal enzyme DAP II contents were increased in all irradiated specimens as a sign of disturbed bone formation. The tissue concentrations of acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the immediate postirradiation period showed a greater increase in activity in the cut lines of the irradiated rat mandibles than in those of the nonirradiated mandibles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Bone tissue response to irradiation and treatment model of mandibular irradiation injury. An experimental and clinical study. 309 Aug 54


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>