Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mammalian and avian muscles were examined histochemically and biochemically to determine the relative contribution of membrane bound (mitochondrial and sarcotubular) ATPases under the same conditions employed for myofibrillar ATPase. For histochemically investigated Ca+(+)-ATPase activity following incubation at pH 9.4 according to the calcium-citro-phosphate technique, avian muscle displayed distinct mitochondrial localization in both dark and light staining fibres. However, mitochondrial localization did not occur in mammalian muscle fibres. Pretreatment of unfixed frozen sections with ouabain, cyanide and acetone did not prevent the reticular distribution in avian muscle fibres. The present study demonstrates that "myofibrillar" localization is achieved by the Ca+(+)-precipitation technique: provided frozen sections are pretreated with cold acetone, fixed in a fixative containing oligomycin or azide and then incubated in a medium containing glycine-NaO H as buffer. Mitochondria prepared by successive mechanical homogenization or by Nagarse treatment plus 2 min homogenization develop different ATPase activities at pH 9.4 7.4 6.0 and 4.35 as well as stimulation by 70 mM Ca++ at these pHs compared to those ATPase activities in the homogenate of mixed hamster hind leg muscles. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (both located at the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane) and succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (localized at the inner mitochondrial membrane and in the matrix resp.) also show different activities in both mitochondria preparations indicating different membrane properties of both mitochondria. Evidence is obtained that using the calcium-citro-phosphate technique at pH 9.4 oligomycin-sensitive and -insensitive ATPases are activated by Ca++ in both mitochondria preparations. Since in muscle homogenate less than 10% of Ca+(+)-stimulated ATPase activity is oligomycin-sensitive, mitochondrial ATPase exhibit only a small portion of total ATPase from mixed hamster hind leg muscles.
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PMID:Histochemical and biochemical investigations of adenosine triphosphatase in vertebrate mixed muscles. 4 33

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of energy metabolism in the myocardium by means of the activities of creatine kinase (CK) and CK isoenzyme following age-related change in the heart and experimental heart failure. Wistar strain male rats aged from 3 weeks to 57 weeks after birth were used. The main experimental results obtained are as follows. (1) There were differences in the compositions of CK isoenzyme of the ventricular, atrial, and papillar muscles. No apparent variation, however, was noted among the basal portions of the left and right ventricular muscles, free wall of the left ventricle, and apex. (2) Compositions of CK isoenzyme analyzed from the ventricle and atrium were clearly different. The level of CK-B subunit activity of the ventricular muscle was highest level in the 5-week-old rat, and subsequently dropped significantly in the 24-week-old rat. Thereafter, the level gradually increased with aging. Dramatic change in the energy metabolism in the myocardium occurred in rats more than 3 weeks old. (3) Decrease in activity of m-CK but increase in activity of succinate dehydrogenase analyzed from the ventricular muscle of experimental heart failure induced by monocrotaline was recognized. From these results, the author assumed that the trend of the composition of CK isoenzyme is one of the indices in the determination of the regulation of energy metabolism of the myocardium.
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PMID:[Evaluation of energy metabolism on the myocardium analyzing of creatine kinase isoenzymes in rats]. 151 14

Neonatal rats were exposed to a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet to determine how substrate availability might affect the metabolic phenotype of muscle. Mixed-fiber homogenates of extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and diaphragm muscles were assayed for beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (beta-OAC), succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), adenylokinase, and creatine kinase. The three muscles showed significant increases in enzyme activity for fatty acid oxidation (beta-OAC) in weaned neonatal rats maintained on the high-fat diet compared with normal weaned controls. This effect persisted for 6 wk of the diet. The other consistent metabolic change was a decrease in PFK. Adult animals subjected to the same diet had similar increases in fatty acid oxidation and a fall in PFK after 1 wk, with most of these changes persisting for the 4 wk of the diet. Examination of individual fibers revealed enzyme changes in fibers of all types, but with the largest effect in type IIb fibers. The data indicate that both adult and neonatal muscles are similarly capable of adjusting their energy metabolism in response to dietary factors.
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PMID:Metabolic response to a high-fat diet in neonatal and adult rat muscle. 153 19

The program of acquisition of adult metabolic phenotypes was studied in three jaw muscles in order to determine the link between muscle metabolism and functional development. During early postnatal stages, there were similar transitions in the masseter, anterior digastric, and internal pterygoid muscles with respect to fiber growth, fiber type composition, and whole muscle energy metabolism. Oxidative capacity, as judged by the activities of the enzymes succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (beta OAC), rose sharply after birth to reach near maximal levels by 3 weeks. The capacities for glycolytic metabolism represented by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and for high-energy phosphate metabolism represented by adenylokinase (AK) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, rose gradually, not reaching peak values until 6 weeks or later. Thus, the maturation of oxidative metabolism preceded that of glycolytic metabolism in the developing jaw muscles. This was documented for individual fibers in the masseter muscle. Differential metabolic maturation among the jaw muscles was evident beyond 3 weeks. All three jaw muscles attained their specific adult fiber-type profile by about 6 weeks. This maturation program differed from that of hindlimb muscles [Nemeth et al., J Neurosci 9:2336-2343, 1989] and diaphragm muscle [Kelly et al., J Neurosci 11:1231-1242, 1991], reflecting their differential energy demands for contractile performance.
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PMID:Metabolic transitions in rat jaw muscles during postnatal development. 161 79

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 months of a specific and controlled sprint training programme on three groups of young athletes (two groups of males and one of females). Biopsies of vastus lateralis were taken before and after the period of training. The type percentage and diameter of the fibres, as well as the glycogen content and the activities of the enzymes of glycogen metabolism (glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase), glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase), oxidative metabolism (succinate dehydrogenase) and creatine kinase and aminotransferases were studied. The results show an increase in the percentage of type I fibres and an increase in the diameter of both fibre types. A significant increase was also observed in glycogen content, and in the activities of glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, succinate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. We conclude that a long period of sprint training induces a biochemical muscle adaptation to anaerobic exercise. This metabolic adaptation is followed by a morphological adaptation, although this is probably not as specific as the biochemical one.
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PMID:Biochemical and histochemical adaptation to sprint training in young athletes. 208 3

Single muscle fibres from soleus (SOL) as well as extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from Wistar male rats in relaxing solution were divided into three types by their histochemical features--slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG), or fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibres. The relationship between ultrastructural profiles (mitochondrial volume, number, and Z-line width) and metabolic profiles (glycolytic and oxidative enzymes' activity) were analyzed using the same types of fibres dissected from different SOL and EDL muscles using stereological and biochemical techniques. The Z-line width is specialized in different fibre types. Fast-twitch (FG and FOG) fibres have narrow Z-line width compared to slow-twitch (SO) fibre in SOL and EDL muscles. A significant difference was observed between SOL muscle SO and FOG fibres and EDL muscle SO and FOG fibres. All glycolytic (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK) activities in FOG fibres from EDL muscles were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than those dissected from SOL muscles. The oxidative enzyme (succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity in SO and FOG fibres dissected from SOL muscle were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than those dissected from EDL muscles. Mitochondrial volume and number in SO fibres dissected from SOL muscle were significantly higher (volume, p less than 0.01, number, p less than 0.01) than those dissected from EDL muscles. A significant difference was not observed in mitochondrial volume of FOG fibres between SOL and EDL muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ultrastructural and metabolic characteristics of single muscle fibres belonging to the same type in various muscles in rats. 235 56

The location of hexokinase at the surface of brain mitochondria was investigated by electron microscopy using immuno-gold labelling techniques. The enzyme was located where the two mitochondrial limiting membranes were opposed and contact sites were possible. Disruption of the outer membrane by digitonin did not remove bound hexokinase and creatine kinase from brain mitochondria, although the activity of outer membrane markers and adenylate kinase decreased, suggesting a preferential location of both enzymes in the contact sites. In agreement with that, a membrane fraction was isolated from osmotically lysed rat brain mitochondria in which hexokinase and creatine kinase were concentrated. The density of this kinase-rich fraction was specifically increased by immuno-gold labelling of hexokinase, allowing a further purification by density gradient centrifugation. The fraction was composed of inner and outer limiting membrane components as shown by the specific marker enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-cytochrome-c-oxidase (rotenone insensitive). As reported earlier for the enriched contact site fraction of liver mitochondria the fraction from brain mitochondria contained a high activity of glutathione transferase and a low cholesterol concentration. Moreover, the contacts showed a higher Ca2+ binding capacity in comparison to outer and inner membrane fractions. This finding may have regulatory implications because glucose phosphorylation via hexokinase activated the active Ca2+ uptake system and inhibited the passive efflux, resulting in an increase of intramitochondrial Ca2+.
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PMID:Mitochondrial boundary membrane contact sites in brain: points of hexokinase and creatine kinase location, and control of Ca2+ transport. 245 93

The organophosphorus compound, triphenyl phosphite (TPP), caused ataxia in chickens 8-14 days after single po or iv administration. The po and iv ED50 values were 1414 and 35.4 mg/kg, respectively. Chickens which developed ataxia lost 14.4 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SEM, n = 14) of their initial weight at 28 days and the paralyzed birds showed a severe reduction of 29.3 +/- 2.9% (n = 13) of their initial weight at death or at 28 days after dosing. For the first 4-hr interval after iv injection of 50 mg/kg, the elimination of TPP from plasma consisted of at least two exponential phases; the half-lives of the first and second phases were approximately 30 and 60 min, respectively. When the birds received 100 mg/kg (iv) fatty tissue showed the highest TPP concentration, e.g., 215 micrograms/g fresh wt at 6 hr postdosing. The half-life was approximately 24 hr. Among neural tissues, the sciatic nerve had the highest concentration, followed by the spinal cord, the cerebellum, and the cerebrum. The red muscles, such as adductor magnus, contained about 4-30 times as much TPP as did the white muscles, such as biceps brachii, 6 hr after treatment. Time course effects of TPP treatment on mitochondrial enzymes in leg skeletal muscles were examined by treating hens with 50 mg/kg (iv) and euthanizing the birds at 6 hr to 8 days postdosing. The creatine kinase (CK) activities of the adductor and the soleus were significantly decreased at 2 (48 hr), 4, and 8 days, and at 4 and 8 days postdosing, respectively. Adductor magnus and soleus succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were decreased markedly at 24 and 48 hr, and at 2 (48 hr), 4, and 8 days, respectively. Cytochrome oxidase (COD) activity in adductor magnus and soleus did not decrease during the time course. Biceps femoris CK, SDH, and COD activities were not affected by TPP treatment at this dosage. These results suggest that TPP administration affects the mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle, especially red muscle of chickens.
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PMID:Delayed neurotoxicity of triphenyl phosphite in hens: pharmacokinetic and biochemical studies. 278 68

We investigated the role of thyroid hormone in the postnatal development of Ca2+ transport activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius-plantaris). With a Ca2+-stat method using the fluorescent dye fura 2 as Ca2+ indicator, we determined the oxalate-supported maximal Ca2+ uptake activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum in whole muscle homogenates from neonatal rats. Expressed per g tissue wet wt, the activity increased nearly 10-fold during the first 8 weeks after birth, following which time a plateau was reached. This development was absent in hypothyroid pups, in which the level of Ca2+ uptake activity remained constant at 10% of the normal adult value for at least 8 weeks. When the mothers were given 0.05% propylthiouracil in the drinking water 1 week before parturition, these pups ceased to grow after 4 weeks, had a reduced muscle protein content and a characteristic cretinous appearance. The effects of hypothyroidism could be reversed by T3 treatment (0.5 micrograms/100 g BW, daily) starting 1 or 6 weeks after birth. Treatment with bovine GH (0.1 or 0.5 IU/100 g BW; daily) starting on day 5 stimulated body growth, particularly of muscle, but was without effect on the failing development of Ca2+ uptake activity. The postnatal rise in citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase activities was impaired in the hypothyroid group, but lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities rose continuously, although at a reduced rate. T3 treatment also reversed these effects of propylthiouracil. At the higher dosage used bovine GH appeared to stimulate the accumulation of creatine kinase. We conclude that the failing postnatal development of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport activity in hypothyroidism is not secondary to the absence of GH, nor is it part of a general, indiscriminate effect, but, rather, that it indicates an absolute requirement of thyroid hormone for this particular aspect of muscle differentiation.
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PMID:The postnatal development of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport activity in skeletal muscle of the rat is critically dependent on thyroid hormone. 291 9

Single muscle fibres separated from extensor digitorum longus (EDL) as well as soleus (SOL) in the Wistar strain male rat in relaxing solution were typed histochemically, then glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were determined on the same fibres. Glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK) showed highest activities in fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), lower in fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and lowest in slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibres. Also oxidative enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) showed highest activities in SO, lower in FOG and lowest in FG fibres. The activities of LDH, PFK, PK and CK in FOG fibres separated from EDL showed higher activity compared to those separated from SOL, whereas the opposite result was obtained for the activities of SDH and MDH. Enzyme activities in a single muscle fibre type were not distinguishable from those of another type, and the activity profiles overlapped over a considerable range. The correlations among the separate enzyme activities of CK, LDH and MDH obtained from the same single fibre overlapped over a considerable range.
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PMID:Determination of metabolic profiles on single muscle fibres of different types. 295 99


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