Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A procedure for preparing highly purified brush border membranes from rabbit kidney cortex using differential and density gradient centrifugation is described. Brush border membranes prepared by this procedure were substantially free of basal-lateral membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear material as evidenced by an enrichment factor of less than 0.3 for (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and DNA. Alkaline phosphatase was enriched ten fold indicating that the membranes were enriched at least 30 fold with respect to other cellular organelles. The yield of brush border membranes was 20%. Transport of D-glucose by the membranes was identical to that previously reported except that the Arrhenius plot for temperature dependence of transport was curvilinear (EA = 11.3--37.6 kcal/mol) rather than biphasic. Transport of p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid were increased by the presence of NaCl, either gradient or preequilibrated. However, no overshoot was obtained in the presence of a NaCl gradient, and KCl and LiCl also produced equivalent stimulation of transport suggesting a nonspecific ionic strength effect. Uptakes of p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid were not saturable, and were increased markedly by reducing the pH from 7.5 to 5.6. Probenecid (1 mM) reduced p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid (50 muM) uptake by 49% and 21%, respectively. We conclude that the uptake of uric acid and p-aminohippuric acid by renal brush border membranes of the rabbit occurs primarily by a simple solubility-diffusion mechanism.
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PMID:Transport of p-aminohippuric acid, uric acid and glucose in highly purified rabbit renal brush border membranes. 3 45

Endometrium from a group of baboons treated with the oral contraceptive, Enovid E, was studied histologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally, and compared to endometrium from normally cycling animals. All endometria were obtained by transcervical uterine biopsy between 10 and 14 days of the treatment cycle or the normal menstrual cycle. Histologically, no discernible differences between the control and experimental endometria were apparent. While observable differences were not evident between the endometrial alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activities of control and experimental animals, there was an increased acid phosphatase activity in the Enovid E-treated baboon endometrium. Ultrastructurally, the glandular cells of treated animals appeared to be more physiologically advanced than did those from the control endometria. These advances were evident from the prominent Golgi complex, increased development of the endoplasmic reticulum and increases in the size, number and complexity of mitochondria. The functional correlates of these morphological and histochemical observations are discussed and compared to human endometrial studies.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural effects of enovid E on the endometrium of the baboon. 10 Feb 23

Pancreas of the cat was fractionated into its subcellular components by centrifugation through an exponential ficoll-sucrose density gradient in a zonal rotor. This enables a preparation of four fractions enriched in plasma membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and zymogen granules, respectively. The first fraction, enriched by 9- to 15-fold in the plasma membrane marker enzymes, hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase, (Na+K+)-ATPase, and 5'-nucleotidase, is contaminated by membranes derived from endoplasmic reticulum but is virtually free from mitochondrial and zymogen-granule contamination. The second fraction from the zonal gradient shows only moderate enrichment of the above marker enzymes but contains a considerable quantity of plasma membrane marker enzymes and represents mostly rough endoplasmic reticulum. The third fraction contains the bulk of mitochondria and the fourth mainly zymogen granules as assessed by electron microscopy and marker enzymes for both mitochondria and zymogen granules, namely succinic dehydrogenase, trypsin and amylase. Further purification of the plasma membrane fractions by differential and sucrose step-gradient centrifugation yields plasma membranes enriched 40-fold in basal and hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase and (Na+K+)-ATPase.
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PMID:Studies on isolated subcellular components of cat pancreas. I. Isolation and enzymatic characterization. 14 36

A quantitative study has been made on the enzymic, chemical and ultrastructural changes that occur in the parotid glands of rabbits as a result of Isoprenaline-induced secretion. Emphasis has been placed on correlating changes in organelle and membrane content which are evident 2 hr after Isoprenaline administration and which have been measured stereologically with the levels of appropriate enzymic or chemical markers, taking into account the contribution made by both the acinar and duct tissue. Lower protein, alpha-amylase and beta-glycerophosphatase levels correlated with reductions in zymogen granule and lysosome volume with whilst plasmalemmal and Golgi membrane areas and their marker enzyme concentrations remained unchanged. However, declines in alkaline phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activity (illustrated histochemically), and p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity at pH 4-5 in the presence of tartrate occurred without any detectable decrease in membrane area. Conversely, an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum area was measured stereologically but no increases in chemical markers were detected. The extent of correlation of the data is discussed in the context of the mechanism of secretion and the action of Isoprenaline.
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PMID:Correlative morphological and biochemical study of the effects of isoprenaline on the organelle and membrane content of the rabbit parotid gland. 18 59

In this first paper of a series comparing the membranes of normal lymphocyte populations from male outbred Syrian hamsters with those of neoplastic transformants (GD 248) induced by simian virus 40, a method is described for the isolation of representative plasma membrane (PM) fragments from both cell types. Multiple criteria were used to monitor the purity and yield of PM material after cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation and after membrane fractionation by a combination of differential centrifugation and isopyknic ultracentrifugation in dextran density gradients. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination before cell disruption was used as an extrinsic surface marker; Na+,K+-activated ATPase, as well as alkaline phosphatase, was used as intrinsic functional PM markers. The distribution of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during fractionation was monitored by the measurement of DNA, succinate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase, beta-glucuronidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, and NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, respectively. According to the three PM markers employed, a 15- to 20-fold purification (over homogenate) and a PM yield of about 65% were obtained for both cell categories, with negligible contamination by DNA, mitochondria, lysosomes, and er. The procedure also allowed recovery of 60% of the mitochondria free of other cell elements.
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PMID:Membranes of normal hamster lymphocytes and lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40. I. High-yield purification of plasma membrane fragments. 18 92

Acute renal failure was induced in male rats by the subcutaneous injectioon of 4 mg HgC12 per kg body weight. Enzyme activities of the proximal tubule were studied histochemically at six time intervals from 15 min to 24 h. The enzyme studied were alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD-independent), malic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, latic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Decreases in activity were observed for alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase after 15 min. Acid phosphatase was decreased after 30 min. These three enzymes returned to control levels after 3 h, but malic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were decreased at this time interval. Succinic dehydrogenase was first decreased after 6 h. The earliest morphological changes detectable by light microscopy were observed in pars recta tubules in the medullary rays after 6 h, a time when all enzymes studied showed widespread decreased activity throughout the proximal tubule. After 24 h, the pars convoluta appeared morphologically normal but the pars recta was necrotic and exhibited calcification, whereas enzyme activity was decreased (absent in some cases) in both pars convoluta and pars recta. These results support the hypothesis that Hg++, when given in a sublethal dose, is associated with early histochemical changes in the brush border of the proximal tubule, which may be related to early changes in sodium reabsorption and to the subsequent development of acute renal failure. The observation that changes in plasma membrane-associated enzymes occur early and prior to alterations in enzymes of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum suggests that Hg++ interacts initially with the plasma membrane.
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PMID:Studies on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. II. A histochemical study of the proximal tubule of the rat following administration of mercuric chloride. 18 27

Activities of organelle specific enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acidic DNAase, acidic RNAase, acidic and alkaline phosphatases) were measured in homogenates and subcellular fractions of liver tissue of patients with cholelithic disease. Liver tissue samples analyzed were investigated also by light and electron microscopy. The data obtained were considered in connection with localization of cholelith in biliary system, type of inflammation, presence of subhepatic cholestasis and of accompanying syndrome of pancreatitis. Typical alterations were observed in the activity of organelle specific enzymes and in the ultrastructure of mitochindria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in cholelithic disease. The most distinct alterations in the enzymatic activities were found in choledocholithiasis as well as in subhepatic jaundice.
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PMID:[Changes in organelle-specific enzyme activity and the ultrastructure of liver cells in cholelithiasis]. 19 99

In the livers from young (3-6 month) and old (30 month) C57/BL mice and BN/Bi rats light microscope histochemistry has shown that enzyme activity is not always distributed evenly throughout the lobule. The mitochondrial enzyme succinic dehydrogenase, the plasma membrane enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase showed heavier reaction product in the perioportal regions of the lobule compared with the centrilobular regions. Alkaline phosphatase showed an altered distribution pattern with age: in young livers this was uniform throughout the lobule while in old livers there was enhanced peripoertal activity. Electron microscope cytochemistry showed that this was due to increased numbers of bile canaliculi in this region containing reaction product and to the additional presence of reaction product associated with the microvilli lining the space of Disse.
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PMID:Differential enzyme distribution in lobules of livers from young and old mice and rats. 20 21

The authors have studied the enzymhistochemical and ultrastructural pictures of tenocytes of adult human tendons. High succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, TPN-diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were found, as indicated both oxidativ, anaerobic and pentose-phosphate shung activity. Phosphorylase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity was medial, lipase and alcaline phosphatase activity was slight. In tenocytes well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and GOLGI apparatus, large amount of free ribosomes were found.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural study of adult human tendon. 23 84

56 human liver biopsy specimens with insignificant or no histological changes, but with abnormally strong canalicular alkaline phosphatase activity, were studied histochemically for other enzyme changes. In comparison with normal specimens, more extensive and increased canalicular activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, and increase of canalicular leucine aminopeptidase, was found, while the sinusoidal activity of the latter enzyme was decreased. Staining for adenosine triphosphatase regularly desclosed the normal pattern of sinusoidal and canalicular activity. The lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, stained more intensely than ordinarily, while the reactions for enzymes present in the cytosol (lactic dehydrogenase), in the mitochondria (succinic dehydrogenase, imonoamine oxidase) and in the endoplasmic reticulum (glucose-6-phosphatase) were normal.
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PMID:On histochemical enzyme changes in association with canalicular activity of alkaline phosphatase in human liver. 24 Dec 3


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