Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately in 80% of cow oocytes (n = 632) ended cytoplasmatic and nucleus maturation to the state of metaphase II in the conditions of 24 hours in vitro cultivation. In 300 oocytes cytochemically we have determined the activity of enzymes--the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.99.1.), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH, EC 1.1.1.8.) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49.). The reaction intensity of the observed dehydrogenases increased in cow oocytes which were cultivated in vitro for 24 hours. Dehydrogenases are located in the mitochondria which are laid out regularly in the cytoplasm of oocytes. Part of oocytes showed polarization in the lay out of reaction and part of oocytes gave extramitochondrial reaction.
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PMID:[Cytoplasmic maturation of cow oocytes cultured in vitro and their dehydrogenase activity]. 178 95

A new method for the primary monolayer cultures of adult rabbit gastric mucous cells has been developed. Rabbit gastric mucosal cells were isolated with etylenediaminetetraacetic acid and collagenase. Cells were cultured in Coon's modified Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 15mM HEPES buffer, antibiotics, and antimycotic. The cells reached confluency on days 3-4. Histochemically 92% of the cells contained PAS positive gramules (mucous cells), 3% of cells showed a strong reaction for succinic dehydrogenase activity (parietal cells), 2% of the cells showed positive granules by Bowie staining (chief cells), and G6PDH staining was positive in 5% of the cells (surface mucous cells). Fibroblasts were rarely seen until day 7 (less than 1%). Thus rabbit cultured gastric cells were considered to be mainly comosed of mucous neck cells. These cells produced prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGI2. Quantitatively cultured cells synthesized 1.475 +/- 0.039 ng/mg protein/hour of PGE2 and 0.244 +/- 0.042 pg/mg protein/hour of PGI2. This relatively simple and convenient technique provides a useful model for the study of cellular functions of gastric mucosa.
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PMID:A monolayer culture of gastric mucous cells from adult rabbits. 210 63

The activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, representatives of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and terminal oxidation, respectively, were investigated after necrosis induced with mercuric chloride. 24 hours after the administration of mercuric chloride, the activities of all four enzymes were decreased in the necrotic proximal tubular segments. By the third day of regeneration the activities had decreased or disappeared in all three portions of the necrotic proximal tubules as compared to the 24-hour situation, but they remained constant in the distal tubules; the activity of G6PDH was rather increased. Between the 5th and 12th days the activities gradually increased in the regenerating proximal tubules, while the G6PDH activity of the distal tubules remained elevated, and by the 3rd to 4th week the activities were the same as those in the control animals. Our histochemical results complement the earlier biochemical results of analyses of tissue homogenates localizing the changes of enzyme activity. The histochemical studies suggest that the non-necrotic parts of the nephron contribute to the supplies of energy and substances to the regenerating cell.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of oxidoreductases in rat kidney regenerating after mercuric chloride injury. 626 69

Histochemical analysis for NADP-dependent dehydrogenases, succinate dehydrogenase, NADH and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases and esterase was conducted on primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells. Enzyme activities were restricted to clusters of lipid laden cells (adipocytes). The number of enzyme reactive adipocytes increased with length of culture. Coverslips were partially coated with collagen to allow comparisons of cell differentiation on coated (C-glass) and uncoated glass (U-glass) surface. There were no reactions for NADH- and NADPH- tetrazoleum reductases (TR) in cells on C-glass whereas adipocytes and stromal cells on U-glass were reactive. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate (6PGDH) dehydrogenase activities were markedly demonstrated in both stromal cells and adipocytes on U-glass. Malate (MDH) and isocitrate (ICDH) dehydrogenase activities were higher in adipocytes than in stromal cells on the U-glass. Stromal cells on C-glass were either devoid of these enzymes (G6PDH, MDH, 6PGDH, ICDH) or activity was restricted to a small area of the cytoplasm. There were two levels of staining intensity in (MDH, ICDH, G6PDH, 6PGDH) adipocyte clusters on C-glass. Elimination of phenazine methosulphate from the NADP-dependent dehydrogenase medias and SDH media, caused a reduction in enzyme reactive adipocytes on the C-glass. This manipulation did not reduce the number of enzyme reactive cells on U-glass. Cells on C-glass and U-glass were distinctly different in esterase stained coverslips. These studies demonstrated enzyme histochemical reactions of adipocytes and stromal cells in primary culture that were dependent on the type of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, enzyme histochemistry was shown to be useful for delineating adipocytes from stromal cells in primary cultures.
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PMID:The histochemistry of developing adipocytes in primary stromal-vascular cultures of rat adipose tissue. 642 89

The enzyme histochemical profiles of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (a marker of synthetic performance), succinate dehydrogenase (an indicator of oxidative metabolism), and NADH tetrazolium reductase (a marker of overall neuronal activity) were determined for identified white muscle motoneurons in six control and six cordotomized cels. Images were digitized and mean integrated absorbances obtained using appropriate hardware and software. For motoneurons caudal to the transection site there was a significant decrease in the mean absorbance value for NADH tetrazolium reductases which declines from 0.28 a.u. (arbitrary units) in control animals to 0.23 a.u. in cordotomized animals. However, no significant changes were detected in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate and succinate dehydrogenases. The cross-sectional area of the motoneuronal cell body was not affected by cordotomy. The decrease by around 20% in overall neuronal activity, as expressed by NADH tetrazolium reductase activity, might be expected from the decline in body motility that follows cordotomy. Changes in SDH and G6PDH activities would also be expected to follow this surgery, but none were seen, perhaps because they are compensated for by changes in neuronal metabolism that result from deafferentation.
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PMID:Changes in enzyme histochemical profiles of identified spinal motoneurons of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, following cordotomy. 881 80

The morphological pattern of several enzymes (succinic dehydrogenase--SDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase--G6PDH and lactic dehydrogenase--LDH) was evaluated in normal dog eyes. Special attention was paid to the uveo-scleral tissue. Cryostatic sections of dog eye were stained with toluidine blue for the recognition of the microanatomical details or with histoenzymatic methods for SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities using sodium succinate, glucose-6-phosphate and sodium lactate as substrates respectively, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a reducing agent and sodium nitro-blue-tetrazolium as a colouring substance. A moderate positive reaction for SDH and a strong positive reaction for LDH were observed in the uveoscleral tissue, while G6PDH gave negative staining. Some considerations regarding a possible active role of these enzymatic activities to the aqueous humor outflow are suggested.
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PMID:Uveoscleral outflow in dog's eye: role of several enzymes. 1067 68

In order to investigate the potential ecotoxicity of diethanolamine (DEA), a battery of model systems was developed. DEA is widely used as a chemical intermediate and as a surface-active agent in cosmetic formulations, pharmaceuticals and agricultural products. DEA was studied using ecotoxicological model systems, representing four trophic levels, with several bioindicators evaluated at different exposure time periods. The battery included bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, growth inhibition of the alga Chlorella vulgaris and immobilization of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Cell morphology, total protein content, neutral red uptake, MTS metabolization, lysosomal function, succinate dehydrogenase activity, G6PDH activity, metallothionein levels and EROD activity were studied in the hepatoma fish cell line PLHC-1, derived from Poeciliopsis lucida. The systems most sensitive to DEA were both D. magna and V. fischeri, followed by C. vulgaris and the fish cell line PLHC-1. The most prominent morphological effect observed in PLHC-1 cultures exposed to DEA was the induction of a marked steatosis, followed by death at high concentrations, in some cases by apoptosis. The main biochemical modification was a nearly three-fold increase in metallothionein levels, followed by the stimulations of lysosomal function and succinate dehydrogenase and G6PDH activities. Judging by the EC(50) values in the assay systems, DEA is not expected to produce acute toxic effects in the aquatic biota. However, chronic and synergistic effects with other chemicals cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Ecotoxicological evaluation of diethanolamine using a battery of microbiotests. 1609 69

Bromobenzene (BrB) is used as a solvent for crystallization and as an additive to motor oils and may be released into the environment through various waste streams. However, there is limited available information about the toxic hazard of BrB in the aquatic environment. Consequently, the ecotoxicological effects induced by BrB were investigated using five model systems with representants from four trophic levels. The battery included bioluminescence inhibition of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, growth inhibition of the alga Chlorella vulgaris and immobilization of the cladoceran Daphnia magna. Total protein content, neutral red uptake and MTS metabolization were reduced, while lysosomal function, succinate dehydrogenase activity, G6PDH activity and leakage, metallothionein levels and EROD activity were stimulated in PLHC-1 and RTG-2 fish cell lines. The most sensitive bioindicator was the bioluminiscence of V. fischeri, with an EC(50) of 0.04mM BrB at 15min and a non-observed adverse effect level of 0.02 mM BrB. There is a large difference in sensitivity to BrB among the model systems probably due to the metabolic capacity of the different species. PLHC-1 cells were more sensitive to BrB than RTG-2 cells. The most prominent morphological effects observed were hydropic degeneration, loss of cells and of the perinuclear pattern of distribution of lysosomes. Therefore, BrB should be classified as toxic to aquatic organisms.
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PMID:Ecotoxicological assessment of bromobenzene using a test battery with five model systems. 1712 77