Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two freshwater bacteria, a Pseudomonas sp. and a Spirillum sp., were grown in continuous culture under steady-state conditions in L-lactate-, succinate-, ammonium- or phosphate-limited media. In Pseudomonas sp., NAD-independent and NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased up to 10-fold as the dilution rate (D) was decreased from 0.5 to 0.02 h-1, regardless of whether the growth-limiting nutrient was carbon, ammonium or phosphate. In contrast, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were not influenced by D, and NADH oxidase activity increased with D. Spirillum sp. gave different results in some respects, but it also exhibited an increase in the activity of several enzymes at low D values. Such increases may emanate from release of catabolite repression, and catabolite repressors for the five enzymes in Pseudomonas sp. showing such increases are probably compounds of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. It is likely that increased enzyme syntheses in low D cultures represent the normal physiological state for bacteria in aquatic environments where growth occurs slowly under nutrient limitations. Such increases probably permit a more effective utilization of nutrients present at sub-saturating concentrations.
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PMID:Influence of dilution rate on enzymes of intermediary metabolism in two freshwater bacteria grown in continuous culture. 95 May 55

The investigation of Krebs cycle state in kidney homogenates of August rats subjected to oral intoxication with oil solution of yellow phosphorus in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, has shown that under conditions of balanced nutrition the activity of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and accumulation of the substrate fund of the cycle decreased 3.5-fold as compared to the control. The addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids to the ration produced a positive effect on Krebs cycle state: dehydrogenase activity was not significantly changed, accumulation of Krebs cycle substrate was two-fold lower. However, this ration did not completely abolish the toxic action of yellow phosphorus on Krebs cycle.
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PMID:[Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Krebs cycle in the rat kidney in chronic phosphorus intoxication]. 151 57

During 8-hour acclimation to changes in the water temperature by 10 degrees within the range of 20-30 degrees C the metabolic compensation of the temperature effects in the carp liver mitochondria is manifested at the level of thermogenesis, activity of succinate dehydrogenase and rate of oxidative phosphorylation. No temperature compensation is found for the activity of cytochromoxidase, ATPase, rate of nonphosphorylating oxidation, content of ATP, phosphorus and calcium in the mentioned organelles.
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PMID:[Metabolic aspects of temperature adaptation by fish]. 629 Dec 12

Male Wistar rats were exposed to 575 (100 ppm), 2875 (500 ppm) or 5750 mg/m3 (1000 ppm) white spirit vapour for 4-17 weeks 5 days a week, 6 h daily. Perirenal fat solvent concentration corresponded in composition and concentration to those of the vapour at all times. The neurochemical effects included a dose-dependent decrease in the cerebellar succinate dehydrogenase activity for 8 weeks while creatine kinase activity increased after 12 weeks. The specific creatine kinase activity in the glial cell fraction, a marker for astroglia, did not increase suggesting proliferation of astroglial cells in the homogenate. The serum creatine kinase activity originating mainly from striated muscle was below the control range at the two higher concentrations after 12 weeks. Simultaneous analyses for isolated muscle membrane sialic acid and uronic acid residues showed decreased concentrations in proportion to lipid phosphorus or total membrane protein. Thus, the white spirit mixture has neurochemical effects possibly caused by paraffins and the same components may have caused the muscle cell membrane effects. The lowest exposure concentration represents a virtual 'no effect' level for rats in the 17-week exposure.
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PMID:Neurochemical effects of extended exposure to white spirit vapour at three concentration levels. 706 Feb 17

Methylmalonic acid (MMA), which accumulates and is excreted in urine in mammals during vitamin B-12 deficiency, has been reported to inhibit succinate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in rat liver. The enzyme inhibition by MMA may lead to various metabolic disorders as well as inhibition of mitochondrial energy generation in vitamin B-12-deficient mammals. To clarify the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by MMA in intact rat liver mitochondria, the effect of MMA on mitochondrial respiration was studied. When 6 mmol/L MMA was added to the reaction mixture for measuring mitochondrial respiration with succinate as a substrate, MMA was taken up and accumulated by the mitochondria (34-53 mmol/L). The accumulation of mitochondrial MMA was stimulated by the addition of ADP. Methylmalonic acid competitively inhibited State 3 mitochondrial respiration, and the Ki for the acid was 4.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/L. Although the respiratory control ratio decreased with increasing MMA concentration, the acid did not affect the phosphorus/oxygen ratio. Mitochondrial MMA accumulation secondary to vitamin B-12 deficiency inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and may contribute to various metabolic disorders associated with vitamin B-12 deficiency.
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PMID:Methylmalonic acid inhibits respiration in rat liver mitochondria. 747 65

In the majority of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, signs and symptoms appear in the first three decades of life. Here we report on a group of 9 older patients (> 69 years old) with late-onset skeletal myopathy characterized by focal accumulations of deleted mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) and altered muscle energy status, suggestive of a primary mitochondrial disease. The clinical phenotype was somewhat variable. However, all patients shared a common feature of insidious moderate proximal muscle weakness; some also showed fatigability and axial muscle weakness. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated accumulations of messenger RNAs transcribed from deleted mtDNAs in a relatively large number of muscle fibers in the patient group. These fiber segments appeared as ragged red with the modified Gomori trichrome stain and hyperreactive with a modified succinate dehydrogenase stain. Most were negative for cytochrome c oxidase activity. On transverse sections their mean frequency was 0.69% (trichrome) and 1.97% (succinate dehydrogenase) significantly above control levels. Multiple mtDNA deletions were demonstrated by the polymerase chain reaction in both the patients and an age-matched control group, but not in younger control subjects. Phosphorus 13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of resting muscle showed a decreased phosphocreatine-inorganic phosphate ratio in the patient group. The myopathy in this group of patients appears to result from mitochondrial dysfunction related to the clonal expansion of different mtDNA deletions in individual fiber segments. While the origin of the mtDNA mutations is not clear, the phenotype seems to represent an exaggerated form of what is observed in the normal aging process.
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PMID:Late-onset mitochondrial myopathy. 781 54

Histochemical staining of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. monosporum and G. mosseae) and their relation to growth and metabolic activities of soybean plants were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. In general, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased the growth responses, phosphorus and nitrogen contents, acid and alkaline phosphatases as well as total soluble protein of soybean compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. Stimulation was related to the viability of each mycorrhizal fungus. The localization of succinate dehydrogenase (as a vital stain of metabolically active fungus) and alkaline phosphatase activity (as a potential marker of efficiency of the symbiosis) in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were variable. The activity appeared in young arbuscles and intercellular hyphae, whereas the collapsed arbuscules were inactive. The histochemical staining results demonstrated that the activity of alkaline phosphatase fungi was lower than succinate dehydrogenase. The use of nitroblue tetrazolium chloride as a vital stain for SDH activity showed that all mycorrhizal infection revealed by trypan blue staining was not physiologically active. Thus, the possible utilization of these enzymes to assess the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and its relation with effectively for plant growth and mineral contents is discussed.
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PMID:Measurement of the viability of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi using three different stains; relation to growth and metabolic activities of soybean plants. 1177 Aug 54

In vivo 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to study propionate metabolism by activated sludge in enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. The fate of label supplied in [3-13C]propionate was monitored in living cells subjected to anaerobic/aerobic cycles. During the anaerobic phase, propionate was converted to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with the following monomer composition: hydroxyvalerate, 74.2%; hydroxymethylvalerate, 16.9%; hydroxymethylbutyrate, 8.6%; and hydroxybutyrate, 0.3%. The isotopic enrichment in the different carbon atoms of hydroxyvalerate (HV) produced during the first anaerobic stage was determined: HV5, 59%; HV4, 5.0%; HV3, 1.1%; HV2, 3.5%; and HV1, 2.8%. A large proportion of the supplied label ended up on carbon C-5 of HV, directly derived from the pool of propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which is primarily labeled on C-3; useful information on the nature of operating metabolic pathways was provided by the extent of labeling on C-1, C-2, and C-4. The labeling pattern on C-1 and C-2 was explained by the conversion of propionyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA via succinyl-CoA and the left branch of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which involves scrambling of label between the inner carbons of succinate. This constitutes solid evidence for the operation of succinate dehydrogenase under anaerobic conditions. The labeling in HV4 is explained by backflux from succinate to propionyl-CoA. The involvement of glycogen in the metabolism of propionate was also demonstrated; moreover, it was shown that the acetyl moiety to the synthesis of PHA was derived preferentially from glycogen. According to the proposed metabolic scheme, the decarboxylation of pyruvate is coupled to the production of hydrogen, and the missing reducing equivalents should be derived from a source other than glycogen metabolism.
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PMID:Metabolic pathway for propionate utilization by phosphorus-accumulating organisms in activated sludge: 13C labeling and in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance. 1251 1

Colonization of two plant species by Glomus intraradices was studied to investigate the two morphological types (Arum and Paris), their symbiotic interfaces and metabolic activities. Root pieces and sections were stained to observe the colonization and metabolic activity of all mycorrhizal structures. There were no growth responses observed in the plants caused by mycorrhizal symbiosis. The two morphological types had a similar percentage of root colonized, but the Arum-type had higher metabolic activity. Most of the mycorrhizal structures (88%) showed succinate dehydrogenase activity; about half showed acid phosphatase activity; and a small percentage showed alkaline phosphatase activity. Phosphatase activity was highest in arbuscules and low in intercellular hyphae in the Arum-type colonization. In the Paris-type, hyphal coils and arbusculate coils showed a similar intermediate percentage of phosphatase activity. We conclude that acid phosphatase is more important than alkaline phosphatase in both colonization types. We discuss the possibility that, whereas arbuscules in Arum-type are the main site for phosphorus release to the host plant, both the hyphal and arbusculate coils may be involved in the Paris-type.
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PMID:Metabolic activity of Glomus intraradices in Arum- and Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. 1581 23

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) communities protect waterways from nutrient pollution and enrich microorganisms capable of assimilating acetate as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) under anaerobic conditions. Accumulibacter, an important uncultured polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) enriched in EBPR, was investigated to determine the central metabolic pathways responsible for producing PHA. Acetate uptake and assimilation to PHA in Accumulibacter was confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-microautoradiography and post-FISH chemical staining. Assays performed with enrichments of Accumulibacter using an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inferred anaerobic glycolysis activity. Significant decrease in anaerobic acetate uptake and PHA production rates were observed using inhibitors targeting enzymes within the glyoxylate cycle. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed the presence of genes unique to the glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) and gene expression analysis of isocitrate lyase demonstrated that the glyoxylate cycle is likely involved in PHA production. Reduced anaerobic acetate uptake and PHA production was observed after inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and upregulation of a succinate dehydrogenase gene suggested anaerobic activity. Cytochrome b/b(6) activity inferred that succinate dehydrogenase activity in the absence of external electron acceptors may be facilitated by a novel cytochrome b/b(6) fusion protein complex that pushes electrons uphill to more electronegative electron carriers. Identification of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes in Accumulibacter demonstrated the potential for interconversion of C(3) intermediates of glycolysis and C(4) intermediates of the glyoxylate cycle. Our findings along with previous hypotheses from analysis of microbiome data and metabolic models for PAOs were used to develop a model for anaerobic carbon metabolism in Accumulibacter.
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PMID:Anaerobic glyoxylate cycle activity during simultaneous utilization of glycogen and acetate in uncultured Accumulibacter enriched in enhanced biological phosphorus removal communities. 1878 56


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