Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

3T3 and SV3T3 mouse embryo cells and a variety of other monolayer cell lines can be induced to form and shed plasma membrane vesicles by exposure to sulphydryl blocking agents including formaldehyde and N-ethyl malemide. Morphological studies show that multiple vesicles are formed and released from individual cells and that the vesicle membrane is continuous with the plasma membrane of the cell. Vesicles measure from o.1 to 15 micrometer in diameter and are free of detectable contamination with cytoplasmic membranes and organelles. Vesicles also show a 10-fold enrichment in the plasma membrane marker enzyme 5'-nucleotidase and are devoid of detectable NADH-cytochrome C reductase and succinic dehydrogenase activity which are marker enzymes for endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, respectively. Vesicles have a high cholesterol: phospholipid ratio and show enrichment in sphingomyelin content. They contain receptors for Con A and WGA, approximately 20 size class polypeptides and intramembranous particles. These results suggest that vesicles are derived from and have the general characteristics of plasma membranes.
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PMID:Plasma membrane vesiculation in 3T3 and SV3T3 cells. I. Morphological and biochemical characterization. 37 Jan 29

A procedure is described which simplifies the classification of skeletal muscle fibres in that it allows a simultaneous evaluation of both the oxidative capacity and the intensity of "reversed" ATPase of the fibres, and thus enables to distinguish three fibre types - SO, FOG and FG - in one tissue section. After preincubation at pH 4.1-4.2 the cryostat section is incubated for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and subsequently for "reversed"-ATPase. This is followed by the fixation with neutral buffered formaldehyde. The results of typing of chicken, minipig and rabbit fibres in a single muscle section stained with this technique are identical to those obtained with the usual method based on a comparison of serial sections of which one is stained for SDH activity the other for "reversed"-ATPase activity.
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PMID:A successive histochemical staining for succinate dehydrogenase and "reversed"-ATPase in a single section for the skeletal muscle fibre typing. 622 54

Pekin and Muscovy breeds of domestic ducks were reared from hatching to 10 weeks. Males and females of each breed were killed at weekly intervals and sartorius muscles were removed after the onset of rigor mortis. Fiber diameters were measured from macerated preparations after fixation with formaldehyde. All volumetric data were corrected to a common sarcomere length. Longitudinal and radial growth of muscles reached their maximum velocity during the fourth and fifth weeks, respectively. In Muscovies, heavier muscles in males relative to females were due to increased muscle length and cross sectional area. Faster early growth of Pekins relative to Muscovies was due to muscle length and fiber diameter. Histochemical analysis of supracoracoideus muscles frozen immediately postmortem showed that both adenosine triphosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activity were negatively correlated with muscle fiber cross sectional area.
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PMID:Volumetric growth of muscle fibers in ducks. 645 44

Investigation of mitochondrial morphology and function has been hampered because photostable, mitochondrion-specific stains that are retained in fixed, permeabilized cells have not been available. We found that in live cell preparations, the CMXRos and H2-CMXRos dyes were more photostable than rhodamine 123. In addition, fluorescence and morphology of mitochondria stained with the CMXRos and CMXRos-H2 dyes were preserved even after formaldehyde fixation and acetone permeabilization. Using epifluorescence microscopy, we showed that CMXRos and H2-CMXRos dye fluorescence fully co-localized with antibodies to subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase, indicating that the dyes specifically stain mitochondria. Confocal microscopy of these mitochondria yielded colored banding patterns, suggesting that these dyes and the mitochondrial enzyme localize to different suborganellar regions. Therefore, these stains provide powerful tools for detailed analysis of mitochondrial fine structure. We also used poisons that decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and an inhibitor of respiration complex II to show by flow cytometry that the fluorescence intensity of CMXRos and H2-CMXRos dye staining responds to changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and function. Hence, CMXRos has the potential to monitor changes in mitochondrial function. In addition, CMXRos staining was used in conjunction with spectrally distinct fluorescent probes for the cell nucleus and the microtubule network to concomitantly evaluate multiple features of cell morphology.
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PMID:Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and function with novel fixable fluorescent stains. 898 28

A variety of established methods for protecting mitochondria were tested on rat duodenal epithelium during the histochemical assay for succinic dehydrogenase. The use of sucrose at isotonic or hypertonic concentrations, 7.5 per cent polyvinylpyrrolidone, divalent cations, physiological salt solutions, phenazine methosulfate, coenzyme Q(10), and menadione failed to improve the quality of the histochemical preparation once fresh frozen sections were prepared. However, preservation of mitochondrial integrity with little diminution in succinic dehydrogenase activity was obtained by fixing tissue slices (less than 1 mm. in thickness) in 8 per cent unneutralized, aqueous formaldehyde from 8 to 16 minutes at from 5 degrees to 10 degrees C. prior to freezing. To offset the inhibition of enzymatic activity it was necessary to extend the incubation period by 10 to 15 minutes. Two-micron-thick sections were easily obtained from the frozen blocks of such fixed tissue and incubated in the unmodified Nitro-BT-succinate medium. Once the optimum conditions for fixation of intestinal epithelium were determined, many other tissues were subjected to the same procedure. From the morphological standpoint the appearance of the mitochondria in these histochemical preparations compares favorably with the results obtained using the classical Regaud iron-hematoxylin staining procedure. With most tissues, the results are superior to those with fresh frozen sections. However, results with muscle, sperm, and kidney tubular epithelium are not as strikingly improved as with gut and liver.
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PMID:Formalin fixation in the cytochemical demonstration of succinic dehydrogenase of mitochondria. 1378