Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Ascites tumor cells a fluorescent tetrazolium salt, new synthesized (Stellmach 1984) was tested on its suitability for the histochemical enzyme demonstration. Optimal incubation conditions for the demonstration of the succinate dehydrogenase were found out. The red coloured and red fluorescent formazane formed by enzymatic reduction can be localized as well under the light microscope as under the fluorescent microscope. A quantification of the formed formazane as a measure for the enzyme activity was possible by measuring the absorption and fluorescent intensity.
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PMID:[Demonstration of succinate dehydrogenase activity in ascites tumor cells using fluorescent tetrazolium salts]. 392 97

Succinate dehydrogenase activity was found in both the cytoplasmic and the membrane fractions from disrupted Halobacterium halobium cells. The cytoplasmic enzyme was found to be soluble in aqueous media and had an apparent molecular weight of 90,000. The enzyme activity of the cytoplasmic succinate dehydrogenase was salt dependent, with preference for KCl over KNO3. The Km values for succinate of the soluble and the membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenases from H. halobium were 2.3 +/- 0.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 mM, respectively. The soluble succinate dehydrogenase was obtained from two different strains of H. halobium and was obtained independently of the method used to disrupt the bacteria. Thus, the archaebacterium, H. halobium, contains a succinate dehydrogenase which differs from the succinate dehydrogenase in most eucaryotic and eubacterial cells, where the enzyme is tightly membrane-bound.
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PMID:Soluble succinate dehydrogenase from the halophilic archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium. 400 56

1. Reactions between triphosphoinositide and the basic experimental allergic encephalitogenic (EAE) protein were examined in aqueous solution and in a biphasic solvent system (chloroform-methanol-water, 8:4:3, by vol.). 2. In the absence of salt an insoluble complex (I) is formed containing triphosphoinositide and EAE protein in proportions that represent complete neutralization of lipid and protein at the pH concerned. 3. In the presence of a low concentration (0.05m) of sodium chloride an insoluble positively charged complex (II) forms. It contains triphosphoinositide and EAE protein in a lower concentration ratio than complex I. This complex, which has a constant composition between pH7.5 and pH10, can take up additional micellar triphosphoinositide producing complex I, which can then be solubilized by excess of triphosphoinositide. 4. The complexes are dissociated by more concentrated sodium chloride solutions and low concentrations of calcium chloride, suggesting that they are largely stabilized by electrostatic bonds. The protein recovered after dissociation is immunologically active and has the same electrophoretic mobility as the original. 5. Water-insoluble ternary complexes containing triphosphoinositide, EAE protein and large amounts of phosphatidylcholine can be prepared. From these, chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) extracts only phosphatidylcholine. 6. An insoluble ternary complex of Ca(2+) ion, EAE protein and triphosphoinositide can be prepared by adding calcium chloride to a complex I preparation solubilized by excess of triphosphoinositide. 7. EAE protein will also form complexes with other acidic phospholipids, e.g. phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, but not with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. The phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine complexes are chloroform soluble, i.e. proteolipids. 8. The possibility that complexes between EAE protein and acidic phospholipids occur in vivo is discussed. Triphosphoinositide and EAE protein occur in ox brain myelin in approximately the same concentration ratios as they do in complex II, formed at physiological salt concentration and pH.
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PMID:Complex-formation between triphosphoinositide and experimental allergic encephalitogenic protein. 430 66

A histochemical analysis of mucous and chloride cells has been made in the gills of the fresh-water Teleost Barbus filamentosus after the acclimation to 8 0/00 sea-water. The number of the chloride cells at the basis of the respiratory leaflets in control fish is very few and increases markedly during the various times of adaptation. These cells along with a limited number of goblet cells located in the gill interfilamentar membrane which show properties of typically salt excretory glands after the same salt water treatment, are good visualized in the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme and Mg++-dependent ATPase enzyme preparations in addition to the reactivity found with the chloride test thus suggesting their role in the secretory transepithelial NaCl transport across the gill surface.
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PMID:Effect of osmotic stress on the chloride and mucous cells in the gill epithelium of the fresh-water teleost Barbus filamentosus (Cypriniformes, Pisces). A structural and histochemical study. 616 55

The ability of phenazine methosulphate to transfer electrons from reduced coenzymes to a tetrazolium salt, neotetrazolium chloride, after exposure to light for various periods of time has been studied. Enzymes assayed for this purpose were: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase been studied. Enzymes assayed for this purpose were: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent); lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+-dependent) and succinate dehydrogenase (flavoprotein-dependent). Enzyme activity was measured in sections of rodent liver by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. Phenazine methosulphate in solution was found to be sufficiently stable in light for up to two hours for reproducible quantitative measurements of cytochemical dehydrogenase activity to be obtained over this period.
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PMID:The sensitivity to light of solutions of phenazine methosulphate: a quantitative cytochemical study. 618 Oct 23

Histochemical studies on the activities of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CY-O) in rabbit ovarian follicles at various times after the administration of hCG were performed to investigate the relationship between the activities of steroid biosynthesis and the respiratory system. The activities of 3 beta-HSD and SDH were studied by using the tetrazolium salt and CY-O activities by the method of Seligman with prefixation. On the granulosa cell layer prior to the administration of hCG, no activities of 3 beta-HSD and CY-O were detectable, while slight activities of SDH were observed. These three enzymes showed intense activities on the granulosa cell layer 3 hours after the administration of hCG, which were maintained till the time of ovulation. The results indicated that increased activities of steroid biosynthesis in the granulosa cell layer after LH-surge were accompanied by the accelerated TCA cycle and respiratory chain. Energy from accelerated glycolysis may be utilized for steroid biosynthesis in preovulatory granulosa cells. Increased O2 consumption due to accelerated aerobic glycolysis is in accordance with hyperactivity of perifollicular capillaries, which finally leads to rapid follicular expansion and ovulation.
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PMID:[A histochemical study of the respiratory system in rabbit ovarian follicles during ovulation]. 632 56

Administration of the herbicide 2,4-DN (amine salt of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid) to weanling rats in a dose of 1/20.000 and 1/2000 of the LD50 for 3 months brought about a 40-50% reduction of thiamine content in the organs and tissues of experimental animals as compared with control. The herbicide was introduced into a balanced formula diet. In the liver of rats given 2,4-DA, there was a 2-fold decrease in the content of flavine adeninedinucleotide, whereas the content of flavine mononucleotide showed a 2-fold rise. Besides, the rats given a lesser herbicide dose manifested a reduced excretion of riboflavine with urine, and an inhibition of liver succinate dehydrogenase. The same animals demonstrated an increase in the relative mass of the adrenals with a concurrent diminution in them of ascorbic acid content.
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PMID:[Effect of small amounts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives on thiamine and riboflavin metabolism in the animal body]. 685 74

The relative efficiencies of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), 1-methoxy-phenazine methosulfate (MPMS) and Meldola Blue (MB) as electron carriers were determined biochemically (non-enzymic NADH-tetrazolium salt-test) and by quantitative histochemistry (heart and kidney slices; succinate dehydrogenase, SDH; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH). MPMS developed the highest electron transfer velocity in biochemical assays. The reaction was independent of the pH value between 7.0-8.5. PMS and MB always showed a lower transfer ability in biochemical tests which was higher with iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) than with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). A distinct pH dependence was demonstrable with MB in this respect, preferentially using INT as tetrazolium salt. Quantitative histochemical results with electron carriers are often at variance with biochemical ones. MPMS leads to somewhat higher demonstrable activities only in the determination of the NAD-dependent LDH, whereas MB results in somewhat higher LDH activity than PMS (reaction medium with agarose). MB and PMS yielded almost equally high activities in the demonstration of the flavoprotein-dependent SDH using a reaction medium with agarose. With an aqueous reaction medium, PMS resulted in higher SDH activities than MB. MPMS always had the lowest efficiency in electron transfer ability using an aqueous or agarose containing reaction medium (SDH). With PVA in the reaction medium (SDH determination) PMS was clearly superior to MPMS. MB showed only a small transfer activity under these conditions because PVA seems to bind MB almost completely. It is concluded that in histochemistry an appropriate electron carrier and electron carrier concentration must be determined for different incubation conditions, tissues, tissue preparations and dehydrogenases studied. General statements about the efficiency or inefficiency of an electron carrier as a result of only one incubation condition does not seem to be justified.
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PMID:Quantitative dehydrogenase histochemistry with exogenous electron carriers (PMS, MPMS, MB). 711 85

The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase, originating from rat hippocampus were determined 3, 10, 20 and 40 days post partum. Hemispheric asymmetry was tested using tetrazolium salt MTT-bromide and the elution technique. It could be revealed that significant differences between enzymatic activities occur between both hemispheres of the hippocampus. The greatest difference observed was 14%. Our dates show that a predominantly left-side dominance takes place in the hippocampus.
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PMID:[The activity of several dehydrogenases in both hemispheres of the hippocampus from rats during some phases of postnatal development (author's transl)]. 728 91

Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. This organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. Because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. Immunosuppression was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes from turkeys in a lymphoblastogenesis assay and a cytotoxicity assay using conversion of the tetrazolium salt MTT to MTT formazan by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase enzyme elaborated only by living cells. Gliotoxin appeared to have a threshold level in both tests because little or no response or stimulation was evident when cells were exposed to concentrations of the toxin below 100 ng/ml, but at 100 ng/ml, all cells appeared to be dead. Using T-2 mycotoxin as a known cytotoxic agent, the response in the MTT bioassay using turkey peripheral lymphocytes was linear with increasing concentrations of toxin. Gliotoxin may potentially cause immunosuppression in turkey poults through action on the lymphocytes or if this toxin were present in low concentrations stimulation could possibly occur.
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PMID:Gliotoxin inhibits transformation and its cytotoxic to turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes. 752 May 34


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