Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ability of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (SMP) to generate a membrane potential on the addition of unpenetrating electron donors and acceptors and trimethylhydroquinone was used for specification of organization of the electron transfer chain. Ferri- and ferrocyanide added to mitochondria induce the membrane potential generation exchanging electrons only with cytochromes c or c1. Ferricyanide added to SMP induces the membrane potential taking electrons in three places: from NAD-H dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and in the presence of antimicyne A from cytochrome beta region. The difference of two sides of mitochondrial membrane is in agreement with the chemielectric hypothesis. According to this hypothesis protons from internal part of mitochondria are taken up to input H+-channel after electrons. That is why electrons come near the inner surface of the membrane and can be transferred from respiratory chain to water soluble acceptors. In output channels protons move under the action of intramembrane electrostatic field and in the direction of rising polarization of the medium. Protons are released to output channels while electrons are transferred to next carrier within the hydrophobic part of the membrane far from external surface of the membrane and cannot be transferred to water soluble acceptors.
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PMID:[Potential difference across the membrane of subcellular particles. IV. Study of the part of the respiratory chain from FAD to cytochrome c by the ion penetration technic]. 86 Dec 63

In the presented study the influence of freezing and freeze-drying on enzyme activity is described. Attention is paid to 16 enzymes which can be used for quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques. With the exception of succinate dehydrogenase only, no significant inactivation during freezing and freeze-drying procedures could be demonstrated with lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD+), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADH-oxydoreductase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non specific aryl esterase. Therefore, the results supply a sound foundation for those quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in which tissue specimens are frozen or frozen-dried before enzyme estimations are performed.
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PMID:The influence of freezing and freeze-drying of tissue specimens on enzyme activity. 87 Apr 61

Ultrasonic treatment in vivo brought about distinct changes in liver mitochondria which developed in two directions as to oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation. An increase of oxygen incorporation occurs with short term as well as with long-term experiences. The ratio P/O which expresses the step of oxidative phosphorylation decreases to 1 in the course of one hour after ultrasonic treatment. The results obtained and the supposition that they are related to modifications of NAD-coenzymes and flavoproteins, likewise of the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, of NADH2-cytochrom-c-reductases and cytochrom-c-oxidase, lead to the conclusion that ultrasonic energy is a factor intensifying the transfer of reduced equivalents in the shortened respiratory chain, a factor disturbing electron-proton transfer in the normal respiratory chain of NAD-coenzymes, and a releasing factor for two of the sites of coupling electron transfer with oxidative phosphorylation.
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PMID:[The influence of biophysical factors on biological oxidation and redox processes. 17. Changes in electron transfer and of oxidative phosphorylation steps in liver mitochondria after ultrasonic treatment (author's transl)]. 89 15

Two freshwater bacteria, a Pseudomonas sp. and a Spirillum sp., were grown in continuous culture under steady-state conditions in L-lactate-, succinate-, ammonium- or phosphate-limited media. In Pseudomonas sp., NAD-independent and NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenases, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased up to 10-fold as the dilution rate (D) was decreased from 0.5 to 0.02 h-1, regardless of whether the growth-limiting nutrient was carbon, ammonium or phosphate. In contrast, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were not influenced by D, and NADH oxidase activity increased with D. Spirillum sp. gave different results in some respects, but it also exhibited an increase in the activity of several enzymes at low D values. Such increases may emanate from release of catabolite repression, and catabolite repressors for the five enzymes in Pseudomonas sp. showing such increases are probably compounds of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. It is likely that increased enzyme syntheses in low D cultures represent the normal physiological state for bacteria in aquatic environments where growth occurs slowly under nutrient limitations. Such increases probably permit a more effective utilization of nutrients present at sub-saturating concentrations.
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PMID:Influence of dilution rate on enzymes of intermediary metabolism in two freshwater bacteria grown in continuous culture. 95 May 55

The state-3 rate of respiration of potato tuber mitochondria is inhibited by concentrations of KCl or NaCl above 125 mM, and by concentrations of sucrose, lactose, or maltose above 500 mM, but not at all by mannitol, glucose, glycine, or proline up to a concentration of 1500 mM in the medium. Mitochondria from cauliflower, beetroot, cucumber, rock melon, and watermelon behave very similarly to those from potato tuber. The variable response to different solutes proves that the reduction in respiration is not a simple function of the chemical potential of water in the medium. Disruption of potato mitochondria by ultrasonic vibration does not relieve the inhibition of succinate oxidation caused by KCl or sucrose. However, treatment with detergent abolishes completely the inhibition of respiration by sucrose. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase [Succinate:PMS, oxidoreductase (EC.1.3.99.1)] and malate dehydrogenase [L-Malate:NAD oxidoreductase (EC.1.1.1.37)] activities by sucrose is less than the inhibition of succinate- and malate-dependent oxygen uptake by the potato mitochondria. Limited substrate uptake and, alternatively, reduced electron flow as a consequence of a direct effect of solute on the mitochondrial membrane are considered as possible mechanisms of inhibition.
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PMID:The response of plant mitochondria to media of high solute content. 97 40

Immunization of rabbits with increasing doses of Cl. botulinum toxoid, type B, led to the development in the kidneys of a focal intracapillary productive glomerulonephritis, and also of productive endo- and perivasculites. Blood letting (in the amount of 1% of body weight) aggravated the morphological picture of the affection on account of supervention of the alternative and exudative components. At the same time blood letting led to reduction of the NAD-diaphorase, succinic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the epithelium of the proximal portions of the nephrons.
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PMID:[Histological and histochemical changes in the kidneys of rabbits immunized with Cl. botulinum toxoid type B in combination with blood loss]. 100 41

The ultrastructure of feline yolk sacs from 11 stages between the 14th and the 66th day is described with reference to the endoderm and the mesothelium; supplementary histochemical and cytochemical studies are included. Despite the absence of yolk, the endodermal epithelium shows a high degree of differentiation and activity, especially in the period between the 25th and the 38th day. Large stacks of RER, abundant SER, mitochondria enveloped by RER cisternae, and a peculiar type of lysosome are the most prominent organelles. Acid phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases are found with high activity, whereas the 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase assay stains the endothelium only moderately. Indications of reabsorption are less marked. In view of the apparent immaturity of the liver parenchymal cells at this stage, the yolk sac endoderm of cat is suggested to act as an important extraembryonic site of biosynthesis. As preliminary results of a chemical analysis show that the yolk sac fluid has nearly no nutritional value, the substances synthesized are believed to be transported directly to the fetus. The mesothelium shows relatively few alterations over the period studied, is less rich in organelles and is obviously far less active than the endoderm.
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PMID:On the yolk sac of the cat. Endoderm and mesothelium. 103 35

1. Depending on the metabolic state, the addition of iron(III)-sucrose induces an inhibition or a stimulation of the respiration rate when added to isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2. Under conditions identical to those used in the accumulation studies (Romslo, I. and Flatmark T. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 305, 29-40), the ferric complex induces a decrease in the oxygen uptake concomitant to an oxidation of cytochromes c (+c1) and a(+a3). These results suggest that ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron by the respiratory chain prior to or simultaneously with its energy-dependent accumulation. 3. On the other hand, the addition of iron(III)-sucrose induces a stimulation of respiration in State 4 and State 3 provided Mg-2+ is present in the suspending medium. In contrast to Ca-2+, iron stimulates State 4 respiration in a cyclic process only within narrow concentration limits; at concentrations of iron above 100 mu M the respiration remains in the activated state until anaerobiosis. The stimulation of State 4 respiration is more pronounced with succinate than with NAD-linked substrates, a difference which partly may be attributed to a stimulation of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. 4. The stimulation of respiration by iron is approx. 3 times higher in State 3 than in State 4 and this difference can be attributed to a stimulation of the adenine mucleotide exchange reaction in State 3 with a concomitant increase in the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, although the P/O ration is slightly diminished.
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PMID:Energy-dependent accumulation of iron by isolated rat liver mitochondria. V. Effect of factors controlling respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. 112 89

Carbon-14 was incorporated into oxalate and CO2 from either citrate-1,5-14C, succinate-1,4-14C, or fumarate-1,4-14C by cultures of Aspergillus niger pregrown on a medium which contained glucose as the sole carbon source and which did not allow citrate accumulation. In cell-free extracts of mycelium forming oxalate and CO2 from added citrate the following enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were identified: citrate synthase CE 4.1.3.7), aconitate hydratase (EC4.2.1.3), NAD and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.41, 1.1.1.42), (alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.2), succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), fumarate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.2), and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). The in vitro activity of aconitate hydratase and of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase was shown to be almost identical to the rate of in vivo degradation of citrate or to exceed this rate. The degradation of citrate to oxalate was inhibited completely by 9 mM fluoroacetate. It is concluded that the TCA cycle is involved in the formation of oxalate from citrate.
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PMID:Oxalate accumulation from citrate by Aspergillus niger. II. Involvement of the tricarboxylic acid cyclase. 115

A histichemical study is presented of the activity of some redox enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NAD-diaphorase and lactate dehydrogenase) in 37 cultured human glial brain tumours. The stages of cell activity at different periods of tumour cultivation and the level of their differentiation in the initial tissue were taken into consideration. The examined tumour cultures showed enzymatic cell polymorphizm. During of period of adaptation of explants, the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes was low to increase during differentiation and proliferation of cultures. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase elevated in tumour cells from cultures of dedifferentiated astrocytomas and glioblastomas mith marked anaplasia. The activity of this enzyme increased also in the course of advanced necrobiotic changes in the tumour cells.
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PMID:[Histochemical study of the enzymatic activity of cultivated human macroglial brain tumors]. 116 47


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