Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of oxidative enzymes of the Krebs cycle was examined in white rats during hypokinesia. On hypokinesia day 7 the cytosol activity of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) increased and that of malic-enzyme decreased. On hypokinesia days 30 and 45 the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) decreased, that of cytoplasmatic malate dehydrogenases (MDH) slightly increased, and that of NADP ICDH declined. On hypokinesia day 60 the total activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases reduced due to a low protein content of the mitochondrial fraction, whereas the specific activity either remained unchanged (ICDH, NAD MDH, alpha-KGDH) or increased (SDH, NADP MDH). On recovery day 25 only the activity of mitochondrial NAD-dependent malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases returned to normal.
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PMID:[Activity of oxidative enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver of rats during hypokinesia]. 684 75

Histochemical studies have been made of the isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, DPN diaphorase, TPN diaphorase, delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymides of normal and alpha chlorohydrin (6.5 mg/kg/9 days) treated rats. Administration of alpha chlorohydrin in a low dose caused a conspicuous decrease in all these enzymes except delta 5-3 beta-HSD, in various cell types of epididymal epithelium and sperms. Biochemical estimations of isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and delta 5-3 beta-HSD have further supported and confirmed these histochemical observations. These changes in enzyme activities after treatment with low dose of alpha chlorohydrin strongly suggest that TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism of epididymis become defective, much earlier before any histological damage to the epididymis becomes visible.
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PMID:Effects of low doses of alpha chlorohydrin on the dehydrogenases and oxidases of rat epididymal epithelium and sperms: a correlative histochemical and biochemical study. 694 44

Androgen level and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and NADP-diaphorase was studied in cultured Leydig cells obtained from testes of male mice from inbred strains KP and CBA following a single injection of cadmium chloride. Mice from CBA strain, known to be resistant to the toxic effects of cadmium showed no differences in the enzyme activity and endocrine function of gonads, as compared with control animals. In KP mice, sensitive to cadmium, a marked decrease of activity of all studied dehydrogenases, as well as a fall of androgen level was observed following cadmium administration. The decrease of hormone secretion occurred on the 2nd day of tissue culture and showed a correlation with the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
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PMID:Effect of cadmium on androgen level and oxidoreductive enzymes activity in cultured leydig cells of KP and CBA mice. 694 54

The study of 165 rats exposed to 60-day hypokinesia demonstrated a decrease in the quantity of mitochondrial protein and a decline in the activity of mitochondrial forms of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) and NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH), as well as NAD-ICDH, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH). The maximum decline in the protein content was seen on day 60, and in the enzyme activity on day 7. As the hypokinetic exposure continued, the activity of mitochondrial NAD-MDH and NADP-ICDH slightly increased. The NADP-MDH activity decreased only at later stages of hypokinesia. The changes in cytoplasmic NAD-MDH, NADP-ICDH and NADP-MDH were less expressed. On day 25 of the recovery period the activity of NAD-ICDH and NADP-ICDH was significantly higher than in the controls, that of mitochondrial NAD-MDH returned to the normal, and the activity of SDH and alpha-KGDH remained noticeably lowered.
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PMID:[Oxidative enzyme activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in rat skeletal muscles in hypokinesia]. 717 3

The formation of spironolactone (S) bodies, eosinophilic laminated cytoplasmic inclusions, is induced in the aldosterone-producing cells of the human adrenal cortex after the administration of spironolactone. The aim of this study was to define the enzyme histochemical characteristics of S bodies, S-body-containing cells, and the apparently hyperplastic zona glomerulosa (zG) of adrenal tissues attached to aldosteronomas. S bodies were found in 14 of 19 aldosteronomas, in 10 of 19 adrenal tissues attached to aldosteronomas, and in the adrenal tissues in a patient with aldosteronism due to bilateral diffuse zG hyperplasia. The S bodies themselves exhibited most intense 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) activity but did not exhibit glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), or succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, confirming histochemically the origin of S bodies in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In two adenomas, S bodies were found to be surrounded by reaction products of acid hydrolase but were not found in the other adenomas and the remaining adrenal tissues. S-body-containing cells, irrespective of being neoplastic or not, showed enhanced 3 beta HSD, G6PD, and NADP-ICDH activity and weak SDH activity (Type I pattern of enzyme activity). Though zG was hyperplastic in most of the adrenal tissues attached to the adenomas, zG cells that did not contain S bodies showed the opposite pattern (Type II pattern) of enzyme activity (ie, weak 3 beta HSD, G6PD, and NADP-ICDH activity and intense SDH activity), in contrast to those in the adrenal tissues in a patient with aldosteronism due to bilateral diffuse zG hyperplasia (which showed the Type I pattern). The results are consistent with the view that hyperplastic zG cells, except S-body-containing cells, in the case of aldosteronoma are not hyperfunctioning. The latter cells may have enhanced but possibly abortive steroidogenic activity.
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PMID:Spironolactone bodies in aldosteronomas and in the attached adrenals. Enzyme histochemical study of 19 cases of primary aldosteronism and a case of aldosteronism due to bilateral diffuse hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa. 719 52

The developmental and senescent patterns of a number of heart enzyme activities linked to energy metabolism have been studied in rats aged between 4 days and 21 months. A morphometric study of mitochondrial volume fractions and numbers has been also carried out. Developmental changes result in a rise of most mitochondrial enzymes (NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) and mitochondrial volume fractions. Exceptions are NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, which declines from 4 days onwards, and NAD+-malate dehydrogenase, which declines and then rises over the same period. Senescent changes follow two different trends. While pyruvate kinase and those mitochondrial enzymes lying between citrate formation and isocitrate oxidation (citrate synthase, NADP+-and NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenases) decline to some degree, mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and NAD+-malate dehydrogenase activities increase over the same period. This could point towards a partial impairment of Krebs cycle function, and a reduced energy-producing capacity in the aged rat heart.
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PMID:Comparison between developmental and senescent changes in enzyme activities linked to energy metabolism in rat heart. 726 74

The quantitative cytochemical investigation of the prodigiozan effect on the enzymatic activity of the peritoneal macrophages was performed on mice. The drug was administered in a single dose of 150 microgram/kg 24 hours before the specimen collection. Prodigiozan promoted a reliable increase in the activity of the enzymes participating in glycolysis (lactate and cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), hexoso-monophosphatic pathway of glucose oxidation (glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), succinate dehydrogenase, NADP. N-diaphorase and lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. The changes indicate that activation of the macrophages is one of the significant mechanisms of increasing the host nonspecific resistance with prodigiozan.
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PMID:[Prodigiozan as an activator of peritoneal macrophages]. 727 Dec 60

The influence on chick myogenesis of hypothyroid status induced in ovo by methimazole was histologically (number and types of muscle fibers) and biochemically studied. A single injection of methimazole induced an hypothyroid status during embryogenesis, as shown by the plasma T4 levels which were separately assayed in male and female controls and treated embryos from day 12 of incubation to day 4 after hatching. In both sexes, control plasma T4 reached a peak on day 20 of incubation, but the female values were significantly higher; plasma T4 in the treated embryos remained at a low level independently of sex. Only methimazole-treated males showed a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the total number of fibers of the two muscles (tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum) studied. Moreover, the histochemical results on succinate dehydrogenase and myofibrillar ATPase evidenced that, of the three fiber types (alpha R, alpha W and beta R) constituting the skeletal muscles, only the alpha fibers increased significantly. Aldolase (glycolytic) and NADP isocitrate dehydrogenase (tricarboxylic acid cycle) activities, measured on the adductor and pectoralis muscles, showed a similar developmental pattern in control and treated animals, but was retarded in the latter due to a 5-day delay in hatching. It is not known whether the tissular differences were related directly to the hypothyroid status, to alterations in nervous system differentiation or, as suggested by intersexual differences, to modifications in hormonal balance.
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PMID:Influence of experimental hypothyroidism on chick myogenesis. 734 20

The morphology and function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells in the mammalian ductus epididymidis epithelium are revised. These cells are similar in all mammalian species studied. Apical mitochondria-rich cells are scarce (1-5 cells/100 principal cells) and are mainly found in the initial epididymal segments. Their morphology varies from slender cells that extend from the basal lamina to the epididymal lumen, to round cells that protrude into the lumen and are not in contact with the basal lamina. Their cytoplasm is more electron-dense than that of principal cells and contains more mitochondria which, in some species, are surrounded by rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. The adluminal cytoplasm displays a few short microvilli and contains many acid phosphatase positive vesicles. Apical mitochondria-rich cells differ from the principal cells in some histochemical features such as: (a) different lectin-staining pattern; (b) more intense reaction to the enzymatic activities: carbonic anhydrase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, peanut-agglutinin-sialidase, NADP dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase and beta-galactosidase; (c) more intense immunoreaction to several cytokeratin types and to estradiol-related receptor protein; (d) weaker immunoreaction to epithelial membrane antigen and to retinol-binding protein. Although the function of the apical mitochondria-rich cells is still unknown, the following possible functions have been suggested: holocrine secretion; cooperation with the principal cells in epididymal reabsorption of testicular fluid; and acidification of epididymal fluid. Experimental results suggest that differentiation and maintenance of apical mitochondria-rich cells are not under androgen control and that these cells are sensitive to estrogen stimulation.
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PMID:The apical mitochondria-rich cells of the mammalian epididymis. 748 29

The influence of enhancing the supply of hydrogen donors on respiratory rates, NAD(P)H fluorescence, and membrane potential was investigated. Addition of 5 mM malate to mitochondria during oxidation of 10 mM isocitrate, oxoglutarate, succinate, proline, or glycerol-3-phosphate under steady-state conditions resulted in an inhibition of respiration, coincident with a decrease in both transmembrane electrical potential and percentage reduction of NAD(P). Half-maximum inhibition of NAD(P) reduction in the resting state of 10 mM isocitrate respiration was reached at 10 mM malate. This inhibition was concluded to be due to oxaloacetate formed immediately from malate by succinate dehydrogenase. Addition of 5 mM isocitrate caused higher respiratory rates, accompanied by an increase in both delta psi and percentage of NAD(P) reduction, in mitochondria oxidizing 10 mM oxoglutarate, glutamate, proline, hydroxybutyrate, glycerol-3-phosphate, or 0.025 mM palmitoyl carnitine. The half-maximum increase in percentage NAD(P) reduction with 10 mM 2-oxoglutarate as primary substrate was found at 0.24 mM isocitrate. Within the citric acid cycle, succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase play an important role in changes in the rate of NADH formation. Therefore, they participate in flux control. Furthermore, mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and oxidoreductases of the beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids are additionally involved in adjusting the rate of NADH formation.
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PMID:Contribution to control of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by supplement of reducing equivalents. 791 69


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