Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mice were infected with cysts of the ALT strain Toxoplasma by intraperitoneal injection. After 2-8 weeks disseminated cysts could be demonstrated in the brain tissue. All cysts showed identical histochemical characteristics, independent of their sizes or their cell number. The encysted organisms were intensely stained after the PAS-reaction. This polysaccharide is highly diastase and acid resistant. Glycogen synthetase activity could not be demonstrated, but phosphorylase activity was very high. The energy metabolism was characterized by a high lactate dehydrogenase activity, whereas the reaction for succinate dehydrogenase activity only leads to sparse deposits of reaction products. The carbohydrate content is interpreted to be not only a store of energy substrate but also a store of biosynthetic substrate. It is assumed that a part of the liberated glucose at high activities of G-6-P-DH and 6-P-G-DH is metabolized by the hexose monophosphate shunt, the pentoses of which may contribute to nucleic acid synthesis which is necessary for the proliferation of the encysted organisms.
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PMID:[Histochemistry of the carbohydrate metabolism in cysts of Toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. 19 13

Yeast mutants with glucose-insensitive formation of mitochondrial enzymes were isolated starting with a strain completely lacking alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The mutations could uniquely be attributed to a single nuclear gene, designated CCR80. They were largely dominant. Glucose-resistant enzyme formation was most prominent with regard to mitochondrial enzymes succinate dehydrogenase and NADH: cytochrome c oxidoreductase. The effect of CCR80r mutations was rather small but significant on the gluconeogenetic enzymes isocitrate lyase, malate synthase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and on invertase synthesis. The repressive effect of maltose in CCR80r mutants was also reduced showing that glucose-resistance is not caused by a mere hexose uptake defect. This regulatory disorders were not accompanied by reduced levels of glycolytic enzymes or drastically altered levels of glycolytic intermediates. Aerobic fermentation of glucose was almost completely inhibited in the mutants; anaerobic glucose degradation was reduced but not completely abolished. Therefore, the mutants appear to be altered in the regulation of glycolysis. A largely glucose-resistant synthesis of respiratory enzymes is obviously a corollary of this alteration.
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PMID:A yeast mutant with glucose-resistant formation of mitochondrial enzymes. 20 62

Subepicardial and subendocardial arteries and arterioles in both the left and right normal canine ventricle were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Aerobic metabolic capacity was assessed by determining the reactivities of the enzymes cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to assess activity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt. The substrate glycogen was determined as an evaluation of anaerobic metabolic capacity, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid were assessed as an indication of protein synthesis. Results of the present investigation indicate that despite known hemodynamic differences, the metabolic profile of the coronary vasculature is similar in all regions of ventricular myocardium. Reactivities of the enzymes succinate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are greater in smooth muscle of arterioles than in arteries. This suggests that arteriolar smooth muscle has a higher capacity for aerobic metabolism than does arterial smooth muscle. The greater reactivity of glycogen in arterial, than in arteriolar smooth muscle, suggests that arterial muscle is more adapted for anaerobic metabolism. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrate a low reactivity in both arteries and arterioles from all regions of ventricular myocardium which conforms to the opinion that under normal conditions, coronary vasculature is quite stable with little cell proliferation. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows little reactivity in all myocardial vessels with implies a low capacity for nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the microvasculature in the left and right cardiac ventricles of the dog. 21 88

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of hexokinase, amylophosphorylase, aldolase, lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in every component of the locus ceruleus, nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and nucleus n. hypoglossi of the wistar strain rats. The locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi which are considered to be belong to "exceptional nuclei" showed mild activity in the nerve cell bodies and strong activity in the surrounding glia cell for the hexokinase reaction. But, the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and nucleus n. hypoglossi considered to be "usual nuclei" revealed strong activity in the nerve cell bodies and glia cells for the hexokinase reaction, however, glia cells did not show the tendency to surround the nerve cells in these nuclei. On the basis of the present findings, the glia cells may get their energy source from glucose in the circulating blood, and they may be energy donators to the nerve cells in the "exceptional nuclei" whereas the nerve cells may get their energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood in the "usual nuclei". The former 2 nuclei showed low level activity of succinic dehydrogenase. These findings may indicate that the locus ceruleus and nucleus dorsalis n. vagi belong to the conception "exceptional nuclei" in this respect. However, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was dominant in the locus ceruleus, while the WARBURG-DICKENS pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt = HMP shunt) was dominant in the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi in the present study. This descrepancy may strongly suggest that the locus ceruleus is distinctly different from the nucleus dorsalis n. vagi concerning the carbohydrate metabolism, though both nuclei are involved on the same conception "exceptional nuclei". The latter 2 nuclei (the nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini and the nucleus n. hypoglossi) considered to be "usual nuclei" in 3 ways as that nerve cells get energy source directly from glucose in the circulating blood, that the 2 nuclei are equipped with enzymes involved in the EMP pathway and the HMP shunt to the same degree, and that they are rich in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini revealed considerably variable reactions for the hexokinase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactic dehydrogenase in the present study.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the distribution of some enzymes concerned with carbohydrate metabolism in the locus ceruleus, nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini, nucleus dorsalis n. vagi and nucleus n. hypoglossi of the rat. 80 76

The authors studied the regional localization of two dehydrogenases--glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase--in the telencephalic nuclei and fibre tracts of Barilius bendelisis by histoenzymological methods. The activity of these dehydrogenases varied from moderately positive to strongly positive in the nuclear areas and from intensely to strongly positive in the fibre tracts, except those related to the olfactory tubercle. G3PD appears to play an important role in the biosyntheses of phospholipids and to form a link between glycolysis and the pathway of the hexose-monophosphate shunt, in addition to its usual role in the degradation of glucose, along with other dehydrogenases, including succinate dehydrogenase.
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PMID:Histoenzymological demonstration of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the telencephalic nuclei and fibre tracts of hillstream cyprinoid, Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton). 145 Apr 61

13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the metabolism of [2-13C]acetate in a diploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae homozygous for the spo50 mutation. This mutation results in failure to initiate sporulation and suppresses spd mutations (which cause derepressed sporulation). By analysing the pattern of 13C-labelling in glutamate it was deduced that the glyoxylate cycle is responsible for most of the acetate utilization and that there is very little tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. The labelling of alpha,alpha'-trehalose indicated that gluconeogenesis and the hexose monophosphate pathway operate in a similar way to the wild-type. The mutant strain has higher levels of succinate dehydrogenase than the wild-type. All of the physiological alterations caused by the spo50 mutation can be explained by this difference.
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PMID:13C NMR analysis of a developmental pathway mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a cell derepressed for succinate dehydrogenase. 167 4

The duration of the presumed metabolic depression of syngeneic vena cava to aorta transplants was determined in rats and the site and type of energy metabolism in the vein grafts assessed. The aerobic metabolic activity was measured from the histochemical reactivity of the enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, and the anaerobic activity by staining with lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of the hexose-monophosphate shunt was assessed by the histochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Sixteen hours after grafting a pronounced metabolic depression was noted. Recovery occurred 24 hours after transplantation. The most intense staining was from lactate dehydrogenase in the vein grafts and in the non-transplanted veins. At the end of the observation period of four months the grafts were definitely more strongly stained than the non-transplanted veins, with most of the activity in the thickened intima. This layer had a metabolic profile resembling that of the media of the adjacent aorta.
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PMID:Histochemical examination of energy metabolism in aortic vein grafts in rats. 302 37

We studied energy metabolism after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Four different cerebral areas were tested: frontal cortex, occipital cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem. Vmax of the following enzymatic activities was evaluated: in the homogenate: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase for the glycolytic pathway, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the hexose monophosphate shunt; in the purified nonsynaptic mitochondria: NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase for the Krebs cycle, and cytochrome oxidase for the electron transfer chain. We also evaluated some parameters related to the respiration of nonsynaptic mitochondria (State 3, State 4, uncoupled state, respiratory control ratio, and ADP:O ratio). Subarachnoid hemorrhage did not significantly affect Vmax of the enzymatic activities related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism; however, mitochondrial respiration was affected, particularly in the presence of NADH-producing substrates (glutamate + malate).
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PMID:Bioenergetics of different brain areas after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. 335 25

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism were studied in midgut gland, muscle, and gill tissues of marine prawn Penaeus indicus exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.3 ppm) of phosphamidon. A significant decrease in glycogen and pyruvate and an increase in lactate content were observed in all phosphamidon-exposed prawn tissues after 96 hr. An increase in phosphorylase a and aldolase activity levels suggested the increased formation of triose sugars during phosphamidon toxicity. LDH activity was considerably decreased and an increment in lactate content was observed which indicates reduced mobilization of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was considerably increased, suggesting the enhanced oxidation of glucose in the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. Krebs cycle enzymes such as NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were found to be decreased, suggesting the impairment in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism due to the acute toxic impact of phosphamidon. Cytochrome-c oxidase and Mg2+ ATPase activity levels were also decreased considerably, suggesting impaired energy synthesis and breakdown during phosphamidon toxicity, as a result of reduced oxidation of glucose aerobically. The increase in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities indicates the enhanced breakdown of phosphate to release energy in view of inhibiton or impairment in the ATPase system during phosphamidon-induced stress. These results suggest that phosphamidon has a profound effect on the oxidative metabolism of prawn which results in the triggering of compensatory metabolic pathways for survivability.
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PMID:Modulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the selected tissues of marine prawn, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards), under phosphamidon-induced stress. 337 38

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique was standardised to demonstrate some key enzymes of glycolysis, hexose mono phosphate (HMP) pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle in slow growing mycobacteria (M. avium. M. gastri) as well as in fast growing mycobacteria (M. vaccae, M. phlei). The enzymes studied were lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), fumerase and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). All the three pathways were found to be operative in slow as well as fast growing mycobacteria. Using this technique M. leprae specific MDH activity was demonstrated in the cell free extract of M. leprae. It's (MDH) electrophoretic mobility on gels lies in the range shown by other mycobacterial species studied and was distinct from that of host MDH. It appears that PAGE offers a useful tool for metabolic characterization of M. leprae using infected tissues.
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PMID:Metabolic studies on mycobacteria-I. Demonstration of key enzymes of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle on polyacrylamide gels. 383 Oct 90


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