Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that a mutant of the global regulatory protein ArcA fails to decrease the synthesis of the TCA cycle enzymes malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lipoamide dehydrogenase E3 and succinate dehydrogenase in response to stasis, while the increased production of the glycolysis enzymes phosphoglycerate mutase and pyruvate kinase is unaffected. Microcalorimetric and respiratory measurements show that the continued production of TCA cycle enzymes in the (delta)arcA mutant is manifested as an elevated rate of respiration and total metabolic activity during starvation. The (delta)arcA mutant is severely impaired in surviving prolonged periods of exogenous carbon starvation, a phenotype that can be alleviated by overproducing the superoxide dismutase SodA. In addition, flow cytometry demonstrates that starving (delta)arcA mutant cells, in contrast to wild-type cells, fail to perform reductive division, remain large and contain multiple chromosomal copies. We suggest that the ArcA-dependent reduced production of electron donors and the decreased level and activity of the aerobic respiratory apparatus during growth arrest is an integral part of a defense system aimed at avoiding the damaging effects of oxygen radicals and controlling the rate of utilization of endogenous reserves.
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PMID:Bacterial defense against aging: role of the Escherichia coli ArcA regulator in gene expression, readjusted energy flux and survival during stasis. 867 Aug 22

Mouse renal cell tumors (RCT) were induced in male CBA male mice by 5 subcutaneous injections of 8 mg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) per kg body weight once a week. After a lag period of two years the kidneys were removed, and serial cryostat sections of the kidneys were histochemically analyzed for the following parameters: Glycogen content, basophilia, and activities of glycogen synthase (SYN), glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malic enzyme (ME), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT). RCT displayed the same histochemical profile irrespective of their size and growth pattern. In comparison with normal kidney epithelium, the neoplastic cells exhibited elevated activities of enzymes for glycolysis (HK, PK LDH) and the pentose phosphate pathway (G6PDH) while negative G6Pase and low SDH activity were observed in these cells. The majority of RCT showed high PHO activity and weak staining for SYN. Activities of ALPase and GGT were negative in most of the RCT. Giant cells were detected in some large RCT. Higher activities of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes and G6PDH were found in giant cells compared with other tumor cells. Tubular preneoplastic lesions were similar to neoplastic lesions in morphological and histochemical characteristics. The present study revealed that a markedly elevated capacity for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway occurred in renal cell tumors in mice. A similar histochemical pattern in the few preneoplastic tubular lesions observed suggests that these metabolic aberrations emerge early in carcinogenesis, but studies on earlier stages of renal carcinogenesis are needed to substantiate this assumption.
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PMID:[Enzymic spectrum of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in mouse kidneys]. 874 89

In the present paper, the in vitro activities of 10 osmium(III) complexes with [OSIII(L)] degrees structure against promastigote forms of Leishmania donovani and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi haven been assayed. The complexes OSIII-2,4dinitroimidazole dithiocarbamate, OSIII-4-nitroimidazole dithiocarbamate, OSIII-benznidazole dithiocarbamate and OSIII-2-amino-6-Br-benzothiazole dithiocarbamate induced high percentages of growth inhibition in the parasites. The four compounds showed moderate cell toxicity. The inhibitory effects of these complexes on macromolecule synthesis have been evaluated using [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-uridine and [3H]-leucine incorporation. These metal-drug complexes clearly inhibit the DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, as well as the enzymatic activities of succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase.
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PMID:In vitro activity and biochemical effectiveness of new organometallic complexes of osmium(III) against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi. 893 94

The bradyzoite and tachyzoite forms of Toxoplasma gondii, purified from infected animals, were analysed for their activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, NAD(+)- and NADH-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, and succinic dehydrogenase. Both developmental stages contained high activities of phosphofructokinase (specific for pyrophosphate rather than ATP), pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting that energy metabolism in both forms may centre around a high glycolytic flux linked to lactate production. The markedly higher activity of the latter two enzymes in bradyzoites suggests that lactate production is particularly important in this developmental form. NAD(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase was not detectable in either stage of the parasite (and proved useful as a measure of the purity of the bradyzoite preparation), whereas both parasite forms contained low activities of NADP(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase. The results are consistent with the bradyzoites lacking a functional TCA cycle and respiratory chain and are suggestive of a lack of susceptibility of this developmental stage to atovaquone.
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PMID:Enzymes of energy metabolism in the bradyzoites and tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. 893 63

The presence of 14 enzymes was investigated using purified spores of the microsporidian Nosema grylli from fat body of the crickets Gryllus bimaculatus. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2), phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), fructose 6-phosphate kinase (EC 2.7.1.11), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), 3-phosophoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3), pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) were detected with activities of 15 +/- 1, 7 +/- 1, 1,549 +/- 255, 10 +/- 1, 5 +/- 1, 16 +/- 4, 6 +/- 1 and 16 +/- 2 nmol/min mg protein, respectively. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) were not detectable. These results suggest the catabolism of carbohydrates in microsporidia occurs via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase may reoxidize NADH which is produced by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis.
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PMID:Activities of enzymes of carbohydrate and energy metabolism of the spores of the microsporidian, Nosema grylli. 918 13

Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on 12 healthy sedentary subjects and on 22 non-dyalized chronic renal failure patients (CRF) on a free diet and after overnight fasting. Parathormone, glucagon and insulin were determined at the same time of biopsies. CRF patients showed significantly low ATP and creatine phosphate levels. Regarding enzyme activities, a high hexokinase Vmax was found, while the pyruvate kinase activity was lower than in the control group. For the tricarboxylic acid cycle, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities were higher; total NADH cytochrome c reductase activity was also high, while cytochrome oxidase activity was slightly lower. Both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were considerably high in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, our study revealed a hypermetabolic TCA cycle, but impaired oxidative phosphorylation, which partly explained the reduced ATP concentration. Excessive protein intake and hormonal derangements may play a role in these metabolic changes.
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PMID:Altered muscle energy metabolism in post-absorptive patients with chronic renal failure. 924 94

Experiments were performed on eight subjects affected by peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) of the lower limbs. Each patient was submitted to Ecodoppler, angiography and the "Treadmill test". Two bioptic muscle of these patients. A sample was used for the spectrophotometric and spectrophotofluorimetric determinations of: glycogen, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, aspartate, glutamate, AMP, ADP, ATP and creatine phosphate (CP). The other bioptic sample was used to determine the following enzyme activities: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, total NADH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Patients showed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase, total NADH cytochrome c reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activities, a decrease in glycogen, ATP and CP concentrations. Telethermographic data showed patient muscle thermic emission quantitatively different from control group. The telethermographic test can be used as an additional diagnostic tool to determine and monitor the efficiency of a muscle undergoing metabolic failure.
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PMID:Instrumental and metabolic evaluation of patients affected by peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) following surgical revascularization surgery. 928 78

Preneoplastic liver foci and neoplasms of different morphological phenotypes were induced in rats with N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM; 120 mg/l in drinking water for 7 weeks) and the peroxisome proliferator dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 0.6% in the diet for up to 84 weeks). Preneoplastic glycogen storage foci (GSF) occurred mainly upon treatment with NNM, and amphophilic cell foci (APF) were mainly observed in rats treated with DHEA alone or in combination with NNM. The 2 types of lesions belong to 2 different cellular lineages, the glycogenotic/basophilic lineage and the amphophilic lineage, which are characterized by distinct patterns of alterations in key enzymes of energy metabolism. Whereas in GSF enzymes of glucose metabolizing pathways were modified (increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase), APF mainly demonstrated alterations in mitochondrial enzymes (increase in cytochrome c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and, to a lower extent, in peroxisomal enzymes (increase in peroxisomal hydratase and acyl-CoA oxidase). The alterations in enzyme expression reflect an insulinomimetic effect in GSF and a thyromimetic effect in APF. Neoplasms resulting from APF show a more differentiated phenotype than those arising from GSF. We suggest that the different and in many aspects opposite effects of the 2 carcinogens on key enzymes of distinct pathways of energy metabolism modulate the process of neoplastic liver cell transformation and result in phenotypically different preneoplasias and neoplasias reflecting different cellular lineages.
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PMID:Differential expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver lesions induced by N-nitrosomorpholine and dehydroepiandrosterone. 964 43

Cysticercoids as well as 6-, 10-, and 14-day Hymenolepis diminuta were evaluated in terms of enzymatic activities related to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) utilization and mitochondrial succinate accumulation. The data obtained support a transition toward anaerobic electron-transport-dependent succinate accumulation, characteristic of adult H. diminuta, with development from cysticercoid to adult. This transition was reflected most prominently in the increasing activities of PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK), malate dehydrogenase, NADPH-->NAD+ transhydrogenase, and fumarate reductase. Developmental increases in PEPCK/pyruvate kinase (PK), fumarate reductase (FR)/NADH oxidase (NO), and FR/succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity ratios were also apparent. Evaluations of "egg-free" immature, mature, and pregravid-gravid segments of adult H. diminuta revealed that in general the greater levels of activity were associated with the immature and mature segments. Whereas FR/NO and FR/SDH ratios remained relatively constant in segment comparisons, the greatest PEPCK/PK ratio was associated with the pregravid-gravid segment.
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PMID:Metabolic transition in the development of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). 979 60

Studies of respiration on glucose in procyclic Trypanosoma congolense in the presence of rotenone, antimycin, cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid and malonate have indicated the presence of NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1, cytochrome aa3, trypanosome alternate oxidase and NADH fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase pathway that contributes electrons to coenzyme Q of the respiratory chain. The rotenone sensitive NADH dehydrogenase, the trypanosome alternate oxidase, and cytochrome aa3 accounted for 24.5 +/- 6.5, 36.2 +/- 4.2 and 54.1 +/- 5.5% respectively of the total respiration. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase, NAD(+)-linked malic enzyme and pyruvate kinase were less than 6 nanomoles/min/mg protein suggesting that they play a minor role in energy metabolism of the parasite. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADP(+)-linked malic enzyme, NADH fumarate reductase, malate dehydrogenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase on the other hand had specific activities greater than 60 nanomoles/min/mg protein. These enzyme activities could account for the production of pyruvate, acetate, succinate and glycerol. The results further show that the amount of glycerol produced was 35-48% of the combined total of pyruvate, acetate and succinate produced. It is apparent that some of the glycerol 3-phosphate produced in glycolysis in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid is dephosphorylated to form glycerol while the rest is oxidised via cytochrome aa3 to form acetate, succinate and pyruvate.
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PMID:Pathways of glucose catabolism in procyclic Trypanosoma congolense. 1084 79


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