Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enzyme histochemical techniques were used as markers of macrophage activity and differentiation in the periodontal tissues following orthodontic tooth movement in man. The enzymes studied included lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and its tartrate resistant isoenzyme, arylsulfatase, aminopeptidase M and prostaglandin synthetase. Chloroacetyl esterase activity was studied in order to detect possible neutrophilic degrading activity. Intense activities of arylsulfatase and prostaglandin synthetase and a moderate activity of aminopeptidase M were found in cells degrading the hyaline zone. However, no activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was found in these cells. Giant cells in contact with bone surfaces adjacent to the hyaline zone exhibited an intense activity of succinic dehydrogenase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and aminopeptidase M. Chloroacetyl esterase activity did not change following orthodontic treatment. The results indicate that macrophages in various stages of differentiation were responsible for the degradation of the hyaline zone and alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement. The enzymatic differences were probably due to the influence of the immediate cellular environment. Prostaglandin synthetase activity, which may be interpreted as a sign of prostaglandin secretion, was associated with the degradation of the hyaline zone in man.
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PMID:Cellular enzyme activity associated with tissue degradation following orthodontic tooth movement in man. 657 20

Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive drug, which disrupts the activation of peripheral T-lymphocyte pool and blocks the maturation of thymocytes within the thymus. Normally, thymic nonlymphoid cells provide the optimal inductive microenvironment for development of T-lymphocytes. After application of cyclosporin A the complex alterations of the thymic microenvironment occur, affecting all types of nonlymphoid cells. All subsets of thymic epithelial cells are thoroughly changed. The subcapsular epithelial cells show the prominent enlargement of cytokeratin contents. In electron microscopy, however, these cells present the morpho-functional aspect of resting cells. The epithelial cells in deeper cortex become enlarged and stockier, whereby their cell processes appear more ramified and thicker. Thus, the cytoreticulum they create seems much denser. These cells strongly express MHC antigens. Their subcellular organization is suggestive of increased synthetic and secretory activity. The number of medullary epithelial cells is decreased. The cells with the most mature phenotype are the most prominently depleted and the ones with phenotypically and morphologically immature appearance predominate. The number of Hassall's bodies is also decreased. The number of cortical macrophages does not increase. However, these cells become enlarged showing the prominent changes in enzyme capacity, histochemical features and ultrastructural organization. Thus, they become similar to macrophages located in the cortico-medullary zone of the normal rat thymus. Cortical macrophages increase the activity of hydrolytic enzymes, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, develop the strong activity of chloroacetate esterase, the strong activity of respiratory enzyme succinic dehydrogenase and begin to show the marked presence of prostaglandin synthase. Moreover, the cytoplasmic inclusions, which are aldehyde fuchsin- and PAS-positive and show sudanophilia, appear within cortical macrophages. In electron microscopy these cells show an abundant cytoplasm a very active appearance and the variety of vacuolar cytoplasmic inclusions. The mitoses of neighboring thymocytes are often seen. The number of interdigitating cells is decreased due to reduced size of thymic medulla, but these cells do not show the substantial phenotype changes. The description and classification of all types of nonlymphoid cells, which constitute the normal thymic microenvironment, is also presented. The functional significance and possible mechanisms of CSA-induced changes of the thymic microenvironment are discussed.
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PMID:Cyclosporin A-induced changes of the thymic microenvironment. A review of morphological studies. 981 May 10