Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sertoli cells and peritubular fibroblasts were collected from sexually mature Wistar rats and incubated by themselves (ASC) or in co-culture (AS/PC) for ten days with or without follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Freshly collected cells and those of the ASC and AS/PC cultures were processed for histochemical detection of three esterases and four dehydrogenases. The relative staining intensities of azo dye and formazan reaction products were recorded for the cell cultures, co-cultures and appropriate controls. Freshly collected Sertoli cells stained heavily for lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), non-specific esterase (Est.) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-OLDH). For Sertoli cells alone in culture (ASC) there was a marked decline of enzyme reaction product deposition/cell for LDH and Est. and absence of cellular staining for SDH, G-G-PDH, B-Est. and 3 beta-OLDH. The addition of FSH did not change this histochemical staining pattern for the adult cells in vitro. The presence of peritubular cells in adult Sertoli cell cultures (AS/PC) resulted in the maintenance of metabolic enzyme staining (i.e., LDH, SDH, G-6-PDH and Est.) in Sertoli cells, minimal staining for B-Est., but absence of detectable enzyme reaction product for 3 beta-OLDH. Sertoli cells co-cultured with other fibroblasts or in medium pre-conditioned with peritubular cells but not containing them stained minimally for LDH and Est. and did not generate reaction product for any of the other enzymes. The addition of FSH to the AS/PT co-culture as in the ASC cultures did not affect the enzyme histochemical staining profile of Sertoli cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Selected enzyme histochemistry of Sertoli cells. 2. Adult rat Sertoli cells in co-culture with peritubular fibroblasts. 240 3

Chronic administration of the estrogen 17 beta-estradiol induces kidney tumors in male Syrian hamsters within 6 months of initial exposure. Although these tumors have previously been studied histologically and histochemically and have been postulated to be derived from proximal tubular and/or interstitial cells, there exists no unambiguous evidence for an epithelial or mesenchymal origin. To elucidate the histogenesis of these neoplasms, kidney sections of hamsters treated with estradiol for 4, 5, and 6 months and age-matched untreated controls were investigated histologically and histochemically. Proliferating foci were observed in kidneys exposed to estradiol for 5 and 6 months. They consisted of clusters of spindle-shaped cells forming solid blocks, cords, or branches located between tubules. These foci were judged to be precursors of larger tumors identified in the latter treatment group. The histological and histochemical profile of foci and tumors matched closely. These lesions were marked by very high activities of alkaline phosphatase, adenyl cyclase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In contrast, glycogen content and activities of glucose 6-phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were low or absent. Immunofluorescence of the intermediate filaments revealed that foci and tumors solely expressed vimentin and desmin but not cytokeratin. The morphology, enzyme histochemical pattern, and immunofluorescence strongly support a mesenchymal origin of the estradiol-induced hamster kidney tumors studied. The neoplasms were probably derived from vascular smooth muscle cells of a cell subtype particularly sensitive to hormonal stimulation and transformation.
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PMID:Histochemical analysis of the development of estradiol-induced kidney tumors in male Syrian hamsters. 244 29

The effect of concurrent low protein (8% casein) diet and lead (Pb) exposure (1 mg/ml lead acetate in drinking water) on testes of weaned rats up to 90 days of age was investigated Histopathological examination of testes of lead treated rats maintained on low protein diet revealed marked pathological changes associated with greatly reduced succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activity as revealed histochemically compared to lead treated rats fed normal protein diet. It was concluded that higher accumulation of lead may be responsible for altering the enzyme levels and inducing the testicular degeneration to a greater extent in low protein fed rats compared to their counterpart controls.
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PMID:Lead induced testicular changes in protein malnourished rats. 250 Mar 71

A histochemical analysis of reaction rates of a series of enzymes was performed in electromotor neurons of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. These neurons were selected because of their functional homogeneity. The high metabolic activity of these cells as well as their large size facilitate cytophotometric analysis in cryostat sections. Sections were incubated for the activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADPH dehydrogenase, NADPH ferrihaemoprotein reductase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. All media contained polyvinyl alcohol as tissue stabilizer and Nitro BT as final electron acceptor. Measurements were performed with a Vickers M85a cytophotometer. Linear relationships between the specific formation of formazan (test minus control reaction) and incubation time were obtained for all enzymes although some reactions showed an initial lag phase or an intercept with the ordinate. The relatively high activities of hexokinase, succinate dehydrogenase and the extremely low activity of hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase indicate that energy is mainly supplied by glycolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed a high activity whereas NADPH reductase and dehydrogenase activity were low in electromotor neurons, indicating that the NADPH generated is largely used for biosynthesis. Despite their synchronous firing pattern activity, electromotor neurons showed a considerable heterogeneity with respect to their metabolic activity.
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PMID:Enzyme reaction rate studies in electromotor neurons of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. 251 71

The enzyme activities of intra- and extrafusal fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle of rats during postnatal development have been investigated. Muscle fibers 1 day after birth showed a uniform reaction for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) activities. Fast-twitch (F) and slow-twitch (S) fibers with ATPase activity were found at 9 and 11 days. Thereafter, the type shift of muscle fibers from S to F was observed in the deep and middle portions. Fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG), fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), and slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibers with ATPase, SDH, and alpha-GPD activities were found at 15 (the superficial portion) and 17 days (the deep and middle portions). The histochemical differentiation of intrafusal muscle fibers (7 and 9 days) was found earlier than that of extrafusal muscle fibers.
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PMID:Histochemical profiles of fibers in the rat tibialis anterior muscle during early postnatal development. 253 66

Male, Balb/c mice were fed diets containing dieldrin (10 ppm) and DDT (100-175 ppm) for 75 weeks. Control and treated mice were serially killed and their livers analyzed by histological and histochemical procedures after 2, 4, 8, 16, 36, 52 and 75 weeks of exposure. Mice administered both chlorinated hydrocarbons initially responded with centrolobular hepatocytomegaly. The cells were characterized by decreased glucose-6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activity. At later periods 52 through 75 weeks, foci of phenotypically-altered hepatocytes were noted. The cells of these lesions were basophilic or clear-staining in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and displayed increased gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity. In mice preloaded with iron dextran, cells of foci were negative for iron when the surrounding parenchyma was siderotic. Hepatocellular adenomas (HA) and carcinomas (HPC) were composed of cells with increased gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activity. In iron loaded mice, the cells of HA and HPC did not stain for iron in otherwise siderotic surroundings. Both hepatocellular foci and adenomas may be potential precursors of mouse hepatocellular carcinomas.
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PMID:Histogenesis of dieldrin and DDT-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Balb/c mice. 256 34

The expression of a number of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, membrane function etc. was compared in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat bladder and in human bladder tumours. Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) in both rat and Man were characterized by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-G1), succinate dehydrogenase (SD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities. In addition, binding for antibodies specific for different cytochrome P-450 species (UT50, PB3a, MC1, MC2) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) was elevated in both murine and human tumours. Comparison of the enzyme phenotype in hyperplastic lesions induced by freeze ulceration or uracil administration with that in preneoplastic papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PNH) and TCC suggested, however, that most of the alteration in enzyme content or activity was non-specific and related to requirements for epithelial cell proliferation. On the other hand, the decreased ALP, and increased GGT and beta-G1 activity appeared more directly related to neoplastic transformation. The results suggested that qualitative differences exist between reactive hyperplasia and preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the urinary bladder. The finding of increased cytochrome P-450, in clear contrast to the reduction characteristic of preneoplastic hepatic lesions, may be important with regard to the observed difference in neoplastic transformation between the bladder and liver in response to drug metabolising enzyme inducers.
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PMID:Comparison of enzyme phenotypes in human bladder tumours and experimentally induced hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat urinary bladder. A combined histochemical and immunohistochemical approach. 256 27

The histochemical activities of nonspecific acid and alkaline phosphatases, NADH- and NADPH-tetrazolium reductases, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were investigated in kidneys from rats treated with lithium and lithium plus neuroleptics. During the first 8 weeks of lithium treatment the activity of NADH-tetrazolium reductase, succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in the collecting ducts increased. The other enzymes did not change. After 8 weeks of treatment no further changes in enzyme activity occurred. Withdrawal of lithium caused normalization of enzyme activity after 8 weeks. A decrease in concentration ability was found in parallel with the increase in enzyme activities (p less than 0.001). The changes in enzyme activity were not significantly correlated to morphological changes in the collecting ducts. Treatment with neuroleptics alone caused no change in enzyme activity. During combined lithium plus neuroleptic treatment the enzyme activities changed in a similar way as during lithium therapy, but the changes were less pronounced. In parallel, a less pronounced decrease in concentration ability was found during this treatment.
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PMID:Correlation between distal nephron enzyme activity, structure and function in rats during lithium and lithium plus neuroleptic treatment. 285 95

Renal tubular lesions induced in male rats by two different carcinogens, N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN), using a limited exposure "stop" protocol were investigated histochemically to demonstrate phenotypic cellular changes. The parameters measured included basophilia, glycogen content and the activity of the enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PASE), glycogen synthetase (SYN), glycogen phosphorylase (PHO), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT). The lesions observed were predominantly of either basophilic or oncocytic types. In each case, tubular lesions (altered tubules) appeared to give rise to epithelial tumors (epitheliomas) with the same cellular phenotype. Basophilic tubules and epitheliomas proved to be strongly positive for GAPDH and G6PDH while demonstrating a reduction or loss of G6PASE, ALP, ACP, gamma-GT, and SDH compared with controls and the surrounding proximal or distal tubules. In addition, large basophilic epitheliomas demonstrated an increase in both SYN and PHO activities. In contrast, most oncocytic tubules and oncocytomas characterized by abundant densely granular cytoplasm showed a reduction in the activity of G6PDH, but were intensely positive for SDH. However, a few oncocytic lesions demonstrated a decrease in both SDH and G6PDH activity. Rarely, decreased SDH and elevated G6PDH activities were observed in altered tubules resembling oncocytic tubules. It remains to be clarified whether these tubules represent a variation of the oncocytic lesions or, perhaps, another type of tubular lesion. The results indicate that basophilic and oncocytic epithelial tumors differ in their cytochemical pattern and histogenesis. In line with earlier suggestions, the basophilic tumors apparently originate from the proximal renal tubules, while the oncocytomas develop from the distal parts of the nephron. The basophilic tumors are characterized by an increased pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, with a corresponding reduction in mitochondrial respiration. However, the majority of the oncocytomas show an increased activity of the mitochondrial enzyme SDH, and a marked decrease in the activity of the key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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PMID:Correlative histochemical studies on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the kidney of rats treated with nitrosamines. 287 45

In vivo administration of L-thyroxine (L-T4) in Anabas testudineus, while significantly stimulated the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH), inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (cyt. MDH; mit. MDH), and Mg2+ DNP-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+ ATPase) activities. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and catalase remained unaltered after L-T4 treatment. Administration of protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, while significantly inhibited cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, catalase, SDH, and Mg2+ ATPase activities, did not change LDH, cyt. MDH, and mit. MDH activities. Chloramphenicol injection significantly stimulated cytochrome oxidase, alpha-GPDH, and G-6-PDH activities. Simultaneous injections of actinomycin D or chloramphenicol with 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) or L-T4 prevented the effects of thyroid hormones on enzyme activities, when compared to the respective controls.
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PMID:Oxidative metabolism in a teleost, Anabas testudineus Bloch: effect of thyroid hormones on hepatic enzyme activities. 292 Sep 3


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