Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
 8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of exposure of adult rat hepatocytes to chemical carcinogens have been studied using a short-term maintenance culture system. Scanning microdensitometry was used to quantitate the observed changes in enzyme activity. The dose-response curves showed a biphasic response for all 4 enzymes studied (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADPH oxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) there being decreased enzyme activities at the higher dose levels used, possibly indicating cytotoxicity. The enhancement of enzyme activity at low dose levels was due to generalised increases occurring in every cell, rather than to selection of a cell species particularly high in enzyme activity. A culture period of 24 h was necessary for the complete adaptation of the cells to the culture environment as evidenced by the response of intracellular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to carcinogen treatment. These findings are discussed in relation to previously reported in vivo studies.
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PMID:The early effects of chemical carcinogens on adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture: I. Quantitative changes in intracellular enzyme activities following a single dose of carcinogen. 3 84

The research was carried out on albino rats. The animals in the experimental group were given Andiamina (Hexobendine) in a dose of 40 mg/kg for a period of 7 days in the group I and 21 days in the group II. The results have pointed out that changes in the activity of the studied enzymes occurred especially after 21 days of Hexobendine administration. First of all, it caused a decrease in lactic and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and to lesser degree, it influenced the activities of iso-citric dehydrogenase and NAD and NADP tetrazole reductases. At the same time, reaction to succinic dehydrogenase indicated an increase in the enzymatic activity.
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PMID:The influence of Andiamina (hexobendine) on the histochemical reaction in the aorta wall of experimental animals. 11 27

The energy metabolism of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied chronologically by histochemical and in part chemical methods. The activities of various enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutylate dehydrogenase (beta-HBDH) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cardiac muscle were determined histochemically. beta-HBDH activity was greatly increased in the stage of developing hypertension in SHR. LDH activity increased simultaneously with the rise of beta-HBDH activity. Moreover, MAO activity increased markedly in later stages when the blood pressure was already elevated in SHR. To confirm the histochemical findings of beta-HBDH activity, the mitochondrial fraction of cardiac muscle was subjected to chemical assay. The chemical findings of myocardial beta-HBDH in SHR corresponded well with the histochemical findings. The myocardial beta-HBDH activity in SHR increased markedly at the age of 5 to 9 weeks, while no or minimal activity was found in controls of the same age. No significant difference of beta-HBDH activity was observed between SHR and controls in the mitochondrial fraction from the diaphragm and liver. The increase of beta-HBDH activity in the cardiac muscle of SHR prior to the development of cardiac hypertrophy suggests that the metabolism of ketone bodies may play an important role in providing the energy necessary for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in SHR.
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PMID:Cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 12 86

When Cladosporium resinae is provided with n-hexadecane and glucose, n-hexadecane is used preferentially. Studies using [14C]glucose indicated that n-hexadecane did not inhibit glucose uptake but did retard oxidation of glucose to CO2 and assimilation of glucose carbon into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material. Glucose could be recovered quantitatively from hydrocarbon-grown cells that had been transferred to glucose. Four enzymes that may be involved in glucose metabolism, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, and succinate dehydrogenase, were not detected in cells grown on hexadecane but were present in cells grown on glucose. Addition of hexadecane to extracts of glucose-grown cells resulted in immediate loss of activity for each of the four enzymes, but two other enzymes did not directly involved in glucose metabolism, adenosine triphosphatase and alanine-ketoacid aminotransferase, were not inhibited by hexadecane in vitro. Cells grown on hexadecane and transferred to glucose metabolize intracellular hexadecane; after 1 day, activity of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and succinate dehydrogenase could be detected and 22% of the intracellular hydrocarbon had been metabolized. Hexadecane-grown cells transferred to glucose plus cycloheximide showed the same level of activity of all the four enzymes as cells transferred to glucose alone. Thus, intracellular n-hexadecane or a metabolite of hexadecane can inthesis of those enzymes is not inhibited.
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PMID:Inhibition of glucose metabolism by n-hexadecane in Cladosporium (Amorphotheca) resinae. 13 54

A study of post-mortem changes in human central nervous tissue has shown that within 100 h of death, no significant change occurs in the amount of nerve cell DNA and nucleolar RNA nor in some membrane-associated enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, NADH and NADPH diaphorase, and cytochrome oxidase. Low molecular weight RNA species, probably transfer and messenger RNA are quickly lost, but there is little alteration in ribosomal RNA content. Cytoplasmic enzymes show variable changes; phosphofructokinase activity is rapidly decreased; hexokinase is unaltered but lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase initially show increases in activity which subsequently decline. Oxygen uptake diminishes quickly. These findings indicate that mechanical alterations in cell structure, following death, render organelles physiologically ineffective long before any significant changes in certain constituent biochemicals are detected. This report emphasizes the great importance necessary in the selection of appropriately time matched post-mortem tissues if accurate comparative studies of many of the cells constituents are to be made.
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PMID:Post-mortem changes in human central nervous tissue and the effects on quantitation of nucleic acids and enzymes. 14 55

The histochemical activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), myofibrillar Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were studied in serial sections of rat vastus lateralis (red) (RVL), gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles. Three main fibre-types were distinguished. The "Type I" fibres of RVL and gastrocnemius muscles fell into two distinct groups: one category--"Type IA" showed very low ATPase activity. The second category of "Type IB" fibres displayed moderate ATPase reaction. The "Type IA" fibres were divisible into two sub-groups when tested for SDH reaction. "Type IA1" fibres possessed a homogenous distribution of diformazan granules throughout the fibre: "Type IA2" fibres displayed characteristic "moth-eaten" pattern of diformazan localization. The diaphragm muscle did not show either "Type IB" or "Type IA2" varieties. The great majority of TypeI fibres were sub-type IA1 in the three fast muscles studied. It is also demonstrated here that an inherent heterogeneity exists between Type I filores of diaphragm and leg muscles in regard to alpha-GPD localization. This histochemical data emphasizes the fact that subdivision of TypeI striated muscle fibres of mammalian animals into two sub-types is only approximate and that a further subcategorization is possible.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic characterization of sub-types of type I fibres in fast muscles of rats. 14 58

Changes in succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, and phosphorylase activities occurred in masseter muscle by 15 minutes following injection of 2% lidocaine. Abolishment of phosphorylase activity suggested an effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Increased staining for succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities suggested damage to mitochondria and myofibrils, respectively. Leucine aminopeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities appeared in macrophages.
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PMID:Degenerative changes in masseter muscle following injection of lidocaine: a histochemical study. 14 69

A reduction in the content of neutral mucopolysaccharides in mucous cells of the neck, a slight decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-diaphorase in parietal cells, a decrease in the DNA synthesis rate, and an increase in the area of mitochondria and cristae were detected in the gastric mucosa of rats which were in a long-term space flight. In the small intestine, an increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase were found. Morphological changes in the liver consisted in infiltrative adiposity. A similar morphological picture was demonstrated in a synchronous experiment on the earth. These changes, however, were nonspecific and reversible (25 days after rehabilitation the picture did not differ from the animal house control).
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PMID:[Morphological changes in the digestive organs during prolonged space flight on the Kosmos-782 biosatellite]. 15

The effects of exposure of glial cells in primary culture and in continuous line (clone NN) to pentobarbital over various periods of time on cellular respiration and activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were studied. The results obtained in glial cells in primary culture were qualitatively identical to those obtained in glial cells in clonal line (NN). Both types of glial cells were shown to develop biochemical tolerance to pentobarbital as defined by an attenuated response to the depressant effects of a challenging dose of pentobarbital on cellular respiration in barbiturate-cultivated cells compared to those grown in drug-free medium. The biochemical tolerance was evident in the presence of glucose and succinate but not malate as substrate. This tolerance to pentobarbital was accompanied by increased activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and by a marked increase in the number of glial cell mitochondria as observed in electron micrographs. The results are interpreted to indicate a compensation of glial cells to the continuous presence of PB by an accelerated glucose uptake and metabolism, an accelerated metabolism of succinate, and an increased mitochondrial activity.
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PMID:Development and mechanism of barbiturate tolerance in glial cell cultures. 15 11

The histochemical activities of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) were studied in intrafusal muscle fibres of rat fast and slow muscles. The ATPase reaction was carried out after the three standard acid preincubations. The cold K2-EDTA preincubated ATPase reaction product was similar to that seen following the regular or alkali-preincubated ATPase reaction, except that the intermediate bag fibres exhibited much higher activity after cold K2-EDTA preincubation. Following either acetic acid solution or cold and room temperature K2-EDTA-preincubation, followed by the ATPase reaction, chain fibres of the fast muscles vastus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus exhibited a very low amount of reaction product as compared with those of the slow soleus. Veronal acetate and K2-EDTA preincubations (and equally preincubation in acetic acid solution) resulted in acid stable ATPase activity along the entire length of the typical bag fibres but only in the polar regions of the intermediate bag fibres. On the basis of differing alpha-GPD reaction, two sub populations of nuclear chain fibres were discovered in one spindle. It is a matter of conjecture, to what extent the histochemical differences of intrafusal fibres from fast and slow muscles reflects functional distinctions in the response to stretch of muscle spindles from fast and slow muscles.
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PMID:A histoenzymatic study of rat intrafusal muscle fibres. 15 74


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