Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrastructural changes and intracellular enzyme activities in the hepatocytes were studied in rabbits irradiated with 550 rads of gamma rays at 1,3,6,9,15 and 30 days after irradiation. Swelling and marked rarefaction of the mitochondrial matrix observed on the first day were followed by gradual condensation of the matrix between the 6th and 9th day. This state was accompanied by marked reduction in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, ehich gradually returned to the normal by the 30th day of observation. In the hyaloplasm, the most intense changes developed between the third and sixth day and were manifested by clearing of the cytoplasm and marked fragmentation of the endoplasmic membranes, with concurrent negligible decline of the lactate dehydrogenase activity and unchanged glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In the Golgi apparatus, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of smooth membranes were most pronounced on the 6th day and were correlated with a weakened and diffuse reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase. The alkaline phosphatase activity was irregularly distributed in the lobule. The activities of lysosomal hydrolases, i.e. acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non-specific esterase, had various localizations within the lobules. The strongest deviations from the normal and of longest duration. (up to 9 days) were seen in the Browicz-Kupffer cells. Complex studies on the same material conducted concurrently with the use of different methods showed that radiation damages structure and function in unequal degrees. Moreover, within the same organ the cellular response to ionizing radiation varies according to the character, localization and functional state of the cells. Deviations from the normal state occur between the first and ninth days, most of the structural and functional elements showing sings of return to the normal about the 15th day after irradiation.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes of gamma-irradiated rabbits. 18 69

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of various enzymes, including thiamine pyrophosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; menadion oxidoreductase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in various components of the cerebellum of healthy adult male rats of the Wistar strain. The thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction showed the morphological patterns of the GOLGI apparatus characteristic for each kind of cells. The GOLGI apparatus is a simple network in stellate cells, but it can be classified into the same 5 categories in basket cells and GOLGI type II cells. The GOLGI apparatus in the latter 2 cell types appears to undergo cyclic changes. A few GOLGI type II cells have a supranuclear form (Type II) and some cells show disintegration and "budding-off" of the GOLGI apparatus. The GOLGI apparatus in PURKINJE cells can be classified into 4 categories including a perinuclear strand form (Type III), but most of them show randomly distributed granules and vesicles. Lightly stained networks are observable in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They do not show polarity in astrocytes whereas they have extensions in a few oligodendrocytes. BERGMANN glia may undergo cyclic changes indicating more advance differentiation than astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Cerebellar glomerula show lightly stained networks with many fine granules. Granule cells, stellate cells, and basket cells are all poorly equipped equally with the EMBDEN-MEYERHOF (EM) pathway and with the hexosemonophosphate (HMP) shunt. GOLGI type II cells are richly equipped almost equally with both the EM pathway and the HMP shunt. All these neurons probably derive energy mainly from glucose in the circulating blood. PURKINJE cells may belong to the category of "usual neurons", because they are moderately equipped both with the EM pathway and the HMP shunt. However, they may derive their energy from the BERGMANN glia which have intense hexokinase activity but weak succinate dehydrogenase activity. The BERGMANN glia are more richly equipped with the HMP shunt than with the EM pathway and are rich in lactate dehydrogenase suggesting an "exceptional metabolic pattern". These glia may have active synthesizing ability. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are equipped with all the enzymes tested, and they show a tendency to surround the glomeruli. It is suggested that the glomerula may be surrounded by the glial sheaths with strong hexokinase activity, and that they may contain alpha-glucan phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in addition to the succinate dehydrogenase already reported. A few PURKINJE cells showed perinuclear concentrations of the reaction product only of succinate dehydrogenase at the sites of contacts between nucleoli and nuclear membranes. It is suggested that the nucleolus may receive adenosine at the sites of contacts between nucleoli and nuclear membranes...
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and on the distribution of some enzymes concerned with carbodydrate metabolism in the rat cerebellum. 40 26

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of various enzymes such as thiamine pyrophosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in various components of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, nucleus n. oculomotorii, nucleus ruber and nucleus niger of healthy adult male Wistar strain rats. The thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction showed the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus characteristic for each nucleus. The Golgi apparatus was well developed in the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, composing a network of highly fenestrated plates in the nucleus n. oculomotorii and nucleus ruber, and a simple network in the nucleus niger. These results indicate that the former three nuclei need a rich energy supply and argue against the possibility that the four nuclei have a secretory role. The neurons of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali may derive their energy mainly from glucose of the circulating blood, but glial cells may serve as energy donators to the neurons in the pars compacta of the nucleus niger, and the neurons of the other nuclei may derive energy from both sources. These conclusions are consistent with the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in various nuclei of the rat mesencephalon. 124 52

Electron microscopic enzyme cytochemical reactions of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite showed that acid phosphatase (ACP) and cytidine monophosphatase (CMPase) were located in the lysosomes. The lysosome containing enzymes were distributed in the endoplasm and beneath the plasmalemma, and the releasing enzymes by lysosomes excreted outside of the plasmalemma and caused the injury to host cells. The cytochemical positive reactions of catalase and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) showed that E. histolytica contains microbodies and endoplasmic reticulum. The reactive products of peroxidase (POase) were seen in the lysosome-like structure. The reactions of cytochrome oxidase (COase) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were both negative, indicating that E. histolytica lacked mitochondria. The reactions of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase (NADPase) were both negative, indicating that E. histolytica lacked Golgi body. The reactions of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were located on plasmalemma.
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PMID:[Electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite]. 133 24

In the structures of the nucleus supraopticus, changes of the activity of some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, butyrylcholinesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) were studied in rat brains exposed to high supralethal doses of gamma radiation at early time interval after irradiation. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increased in the wall of blood capillaries after irradiation with 50, 150, 500 Gy. The dose of 500 Gy induced the most pronounced activity. These membrane enzymes are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. The activity of acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific esterase and thiamine pyrophosphatase increased in magnocellular neurons after irradiation with all doses of gamma radiation. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase showed a decreased activity in neurons, neuropil and capillaries.
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PMID:Effect of ionizing radiation on the nucleus supraopticus. 183 85

Activities of the following enzymes were assessed in cryostat sections of human embryonic and fetal placentae aged 7 to 22 weeks of the intrauterine life using the standard methods recommended by Lojda et al. (1978): alkaline phosphatase (AIP), and acid phosphatase (AcP), non-specific esterase (ANE), ATP-cleaving enzymes (ATP-ase), beta-glucuronidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DPP IV), aminopeptidase A and M (APA, APM), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH, SDH). Since week 7 high activity of AIP has been proved in the apical zone of the plasmodiotrophoblast. At the same time the DPP IV activity appeared in the plasmodiotrophoblast, in the stroma of villi, and, latter on, in vascular endothelium. In the fetal placenta the APA activity was pronounced both in the cytotrophoblast and the stroma of villi. The activities of AcP and ANE were relatively weak. In the course of development the activities of most enzymes were gradually increasing.
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PMID:Histochemistry of some enzymes in human embryonic and fetal placentae. 215 Oct 77

In the female urethra, the activity and distribution of 15 enzymes was determined by using both conventional and special histochemical methods. The enzymatic equipment differed according to the type of epithelial lining whose variation is characteristic for the female urethra. In the stratified squamous epithelium of the urethra, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase exhibited but minimal or no activity, yet the other 10 enzymes studied displayed activity particularly in basally situated cells. Nearer to the lumen of the urethra, the activity in the epithelium kept decreasing and was mostly absent in superficial and desquamated cells. In the pseudostratified columnar and in the transitional epithelium of the urethra, the majority of enzymes showed an evenly distributed activity at all epithelial levels. In the apical parts of the most superficially situated cells bounding the lumen of the urethra, a distinct narrow zone of higher activity was observed. It was seen not only on determining the majority of dehydrogenases but also on examining acid phosphatase and naphthyl esterase. The endocrine cells occurring in the uroepithelial lining of the female urethra displayed, yet always with the exception of squamous epithelium (Zaviacic et al. 1983), distinct activity of acid hydrolytic enzymes, and of the enzymes studied it was particularly acid phosphatase. The majority of the demonstrated enzymes, of the dehydrogenases priority, is to be given to succinate dehydrogenase, enabled to differentiate readily between the highly active striated muscle fibers located in the most peripheral parts of the excisions along the urethral circumference and the smooth musculature of the urethral wall with a lower or only minimal activity.
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PMID:The adult human female urethra. Enzyme-histochemical study. 242 Jan 38

Differences were detected between peritoneal macrophages (both resident and elicited) from mice on a low protein diet and from normal animals. The concentration of resident peritoneal macrophages was lower in animals on low protein diets than in normal controls. Although total protein (and therefore cell mass) of resident macrophages from malnourished mice was increased, their contents of thiamine pyrophosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, and non-specific esterase were disproportionately reduced. In addition they did not ingest as many glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes or attach to as many adherent C3b sensitized sheep red blood cells as those from normal animals, although reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium was unaffected. Initially (24 hr after thioglycollate), elicited macrophages from malnourished mice did not divide as frequently as those from normal mice but by 48 hr the differences were insignificant. The elicited macrophage possessed lower levels of total protein (indicating a reduced cell mass); the levels of acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, and nonspecific esterase and nitroblue reducing activity were also proportionately reduced. They ingested fewer glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes and reacted with fewer C3b sensitised sheep red blood cells than those from normal mice; ingestion of IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes, on the other hand, was somewhat increased. These abnormalities may influence adversely the efficiency of early phlogistic responses and favor the establishment of infection in malnourished animals.
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PMID:The effects of malnutrition on murine peritoneal macrophages. 297 61

The effects of zinc on the enzymes of femoral tissue were investigated in weanling rats that had been given zinc sulfate (1.0 mg Zn2+/100 g body wt) p.o. for 3 days. Administration of zinc caused a marked elevation of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, whereas it did not cause significant changes in succinate dehydrogenase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, pyrophosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities. The effect of zinc was greater on alkaline phosphatase of the femoral diaphysis. Zinc content of the femoral diaphysis was raised significantly by administration of zinc. The addition of zinc in concentrations of 10(-2)-10(2) microM did not produce a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral diaphysis, indicating that zinc could not activate the enzyme. Administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D completely inhibited the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity produced by administration of zinc. DNA content of the femoral diaphysis, but not epiphysis, was increased markedly by administration of zinc. The increases in both alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content of the femoral diaphysis were not caused by administration of copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel and chromium(III). The present investigation suggests that zinc may induce the increase in alkaline phosphatase related to DNA synthesis and, as a result, stimulate bone growth.
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PMID:Action of zinc on bone metabolism in rats. Increases in alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content. 395 86

Histochemical studies have been conducted by applying hexokinase (HK), aldolase (AD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) methods, as well as Nissl staining and Gomori's chrome-alum-hematoxylin-phloxine (CHP) methods to intercalated neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) on Wistar strain rats. Intercalated neurons reacted weakly to the AD, G3, G6PD, and SDH tests, indicating that they belong to the category of ordinary neurons with low carbohydrate metabolism. Many fibrous astrocytes showing strong HK reactions surround neurosecretory neurons. However, they do not surround intercalated neurons with mild HK activity. These results indicate that the latter receive a poor supply of energy from glucose in the circulating blood in contrast to the former. Intercalated neurons are very rich in Nissl substance but lack CHP-positive material. They may have a high potential for synthesizing protein. The principal morphological features of the TPPase-positive Golgi material are peculiar and heterogeneous shape and poor development. These findings together with mild G6PD activity suggest that intercalated neurons are very likely to have poor synthesizing activity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase and enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism in the intercalated neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus. 613 41


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