Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.3.5.1 (succinate dehydrogenase)
8,177 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was performed to obtain a more precise quantitative estimation of oxidative and glycolytic potentials and stores of various substrates of the muscles in the human foetus. The material consisted of muscle samples from different muscles, a total of 166 muscle specimens from 65 foetuses and 55 skeletal muscle specimens from 53 infants and children. The latter samples were obtained at surgery. The activities for succinate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase were chosen as markers for mitochondrial and cytoplasmatic enzymes respectively. Glycogen, triglyceride and phosphagen levels were studied. Water and protein content of the muscle tissue undergo continuous changes during foetal life and were therefore also included in the study. The SDH activity was low during gestation and reached a value of 2-3 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min at delivery. The PFK activity was also low during gestation, but around 25 weeks gestation a value of 3-4 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min was common, and around delivery time about 7 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min. At 1-5 years the PFK activity was around 11-12 mmoles/kg w.wt. X min, which is similar to adult muscles. Glycogen content varied, but increased during gestation. In the last trimester of gestation a value of 62-92 mmoles units/kg w.wt. was found. The triglyceride content at the end of the gestation time was 3-16 mmoles glycerol/kg w.wt. The phosphagen levels were quite low all through foetal life, averaging between 0.5 and 3 mmoles/kg for ATP and CP concentrations.
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PMID:Some quantitative biochemical evaluations of developing skeletal muscles in the human foetus. 15 52

(1) The histochemical staining pattern of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) does not show unequivocal differentiation between the type I red and type II red fibres in mammalian striated muscles. (2) Since high biochemical activity of beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (beta-HOBDH) occurs in mitochondria of the type I red fibres, the histochemical localization of this enzyme may show a pattern of staining reciprocal to that seen for myofibrillar ATPase. (3) It remains to be confirmed that the type I red fibres, which are possibly slow-twitch physiologically, possess the highest concentration of myoglobin. The histochemical correlation of myoglobin and myofibrillar ATPase in serial sections should be studied. (4) In order to achieve a more realistic picture, various glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes should be incubated according to the gelatin film technique, or semipermeable membrane technique or collagen polypeptide technique. A histochemical correlation of phosphorylase, LDH, PFK, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and myofibrillar ATPase in adjacent muscle sections may throw light on the histochemical characteristics of the different fibre-types. (5) The specific histochemical demonstration of AMPase is achieved following preincubation of tissue sections. (6) ADPase has been demonstrated by the calcium precipitation technique only (GUTH and YELLIN, 1971). A number of studies claim, however, that ADPase is not demonstrable histochemically in muscle fibres. (7) The presence of magnesium ions is a prerequisite for the adequate histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial ATPase. The latter is inhibited almost completely by 40 mM Ca++ (when Mg++ is not added) at both neutral and alkaline pH values. (8) The histochemical activity of SR-AT-Pase seen as continuous reticula but without punctuate and sub-sarcolemmal staining possibly represents the extra ATPase of SR. (9) On the basis of myofibrillar ATPase reaction, an inherent heterogeneity, between the type II red and type II white may be recognized. In addition, the above fibre-types possess their respective sub-populations. (10) Following diK+ EDTA preincubation, some type II red fibres show selective lability. These are the mitochondria-rich fibres. Thus in the total absence of both punctuate and subsarcolemmal staining, the presence of mitochondrial ATPase activity under the histochemical conditions for myofibrillar ATPase is unlikely. (11) The reaction pattern of CK/ATPase (coupled reaction) at pH 6.9 is distinctly intermyofibrillar and unlike SDH-pattern. This reticular reaction is associated mainly with the SR and hence the importance of transphosphorylation in this organelle for the Ca++ uptake and muscle relaxation. (12) The CK/ATPase reaction at pH8.0 has shown important histoenzymatic characteristics. At this pH value the type I red fibres and slow-twitch soleus show myofibrillar reaction pattern. This identical histochemical behaviour suggests that type I red fibres are possibly slow-contracting...
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PMID:Histochemical characteristics of vertebrate striated muscle: a review. 18 61

The relationships between ultrastructural and metabolic profiles in different types of single muscle fiber after hindlimb suspension in rats were examined. Glycolytic (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; phosphofructokinase, PFK) and oxidative (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH; malate dehydrogenase, MDH) enzyme activities in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles were measured. Relative mitochondrial and lipid droplet volumes were also measured in single muscle fiber of different types. Glycolytic enzyme activity in EDL muscle and oxidative enzyme activity in soleus muscle decreased following suspension for 2 weeks. LDH and PFK activities in fast-twitch (FG, fast-twitch glycolytic; FOG, fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic) fibers and oxidative enzymes in FOG and FG fibers decreased following suspension. Relative mitochondrial volume decreased significantly in all types (SO, slow-twitch oxidative; FOG, and FG) of fibers following suspension. The mitochondrial volume in SO fiber of the control group was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of suspended group; however, SDH and MDH activities were not different between the control and suspended groups. The structural and metabolic changes following hindlimb suspension were influenced by different factors, respectively. Changes in ultrastructural and metabolic profiles in response to the hindlimb suspension differed according to the type of fibers.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and metabolic profiles on single muscle fibers of different types after hindlimb suspension in rats. 252 86

Alterations in enzyme activities involved in muscle energy metabolism and the muscle fiber type distribution were investigated in six subjects, ranging in age from 19-23 years, following short-term, high intensity exercise. Changes in the vastus lateralis muscle were studied prior to exercise and approximately 24 h after each of 2 consecutive days of supramaximal cycling exercise (120% VO2 max) performed intermittently as 1-min work to 4-min rest until fatigue or until 24 repetitions had been completed. The results indicated that there were no changes (P greater than 0.05) in maximal in vitro activities for representative enzymes of beta-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HAD), the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK), glycogenolysis (total phosphorylase, PHOSPH), or glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, PFK; pyruvate kinase, PK; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) in spite of the large increase in carbohydrate utilization and glycolytic flux rate. In addition, although no change in fiber type distribution was found in the pre-exercise biopsy between days, an acute reduction (P less than 0.05) in type I fiber distribution occurred with exercise. It is concluded that supramaximal exercise performed on a short-term basis does not alter the enzymatic profile or the fiber type distribution when measured 24 h following the activity.
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PMID:Fiber type distribution and maximal activities of enzymes involved in energy metabolism following short-term supramaximal exercise. 609 Mar 24

Two muscles involved in locomotion the vastus lateralis and the gastrocnemius, were compared on a variety of histochemical an biochemical properties. Ten active males, age 20 - 24 years, served as subjects. Fibre type distributions, type I, type IIA and type IIB, as determined from samples extracted by muscle biopsy were similar in both muscles. In addition, no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was found between fibre types in each muscle for fibre size, relative area, capillaries per fibre and the ratio of capillaries per fibre area. The activities of a number of enzymes representative of energy supplying pathways - the citric acid cycle (succinate dehydrogenase, SHD; beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HADH), glycogenolysis (total phosphorylase, PHOSP), glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, PFK) - were of similar magnitude between the two muscles. The only exception noted was for the activity of a glycolytic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH, where a 16% higher value was observed in the vastus lateralis. The close degree of homogeneity displayed between these two muscles may be of significance in providing for a functional synchrony to occur in locomotor activities of varying intensity.
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PMID:Human vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles. A comparative histochemical and biochemical analysis. 617 18

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-month sprint and endurance training programs on the vastus lateralis muscle fiber area and the activities of glycolytic (phosphofructokinase; PFK) and oxidative (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) enzymes of adolescent boys. Enzyme activities were also determined after a subsequent 6-month detraining period. Endurance training resulted in significant increases in VO2max (58.4 to 64.3 ml . min-1 . kg-1), in ST and FTa fiber area (6.0 to 7.3 and 8.0 to 10.4 microns 2 x 10(3), respectively), and in SDH activity (6.4 to 9.1 IU). After detraining VO2max and SDH activity returned to pretraining levels. Sprint training resulted in a significant increase only in PFK activity (28.1 to 33.9 IU), which was also abolished in the detraining period. These data demonstrate that in adolescent boys skeletal muscle enzyme changes are specific to the mode of training and that they are similar in direction but different in magnitude to those found in adults.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle adaptation in adolescent boys: sprint and endurance training and detraining. 621 66

To investigate sex differences in the organization of enzyme activities of energy supplying metabolism in skeletal muscle, samples of the vastus lateralis were extracted from active but untrained males (n = 16) and females (n = 17), ranging in age from 18 to 22 years. Muscle tissue from 2 different biopsy samples from each subject were analyzed for enzymes representative of the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HAD), glycogenolysis (phosphorylase, PHOSPH), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; phosphofructokinase, PFK and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) and glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK). The results indicated that the maximal activities of PFK, PK, LDH and PHOSPH, HK and SDH averaged between 15 and 32% higher in the males than in the females. No significant differences between the sexes were found for HAD. When enzyme activity ratios were calculated, sex differences were only evident for the HAD/SDH ratio (mean +/- SD; females = 0.56 +/- 0.20; males = 0.41 +/- 0.11 and for the PFK/HAD ratio (females = 7.40 +/- 1.6; males = 9.58 +/- 1.9). The findings suggest that (1) the females have a significantly lower overall capacity for aerobic oxidation and for anaerobic glycolysis than the males; (2) the females have a greater capacity for beta-oxidation relative to the capacity of the citric acid cycle; and (3) the glycolytic potential relative to the potential for beta-oxidation is lower in the females.
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PMID:Male and female differences in enzyme activities of energy metabolism in vastus lateralis muscle. 623 35

This study investigated the hypothesis that the adaptations in skeletal muscle to prolonged exercise overload, involving high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) resynthesis, result in a preferential adaptation to pathways involved in energy metabolism. The change in selected properties of skeletal muscle during a period of reduced activity was used as an indication of training-induced adaptations. Muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis were analyzed 6 weeks and 18 weeks after a 5-month, intense, intermittent training program. Significant reductions occurred (p less than 0.05) in enzyme activities representative of the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), beta oxidation of free fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HADH), glycogenolysis (total phosphorylase, PHOSP), and glycolysis (phosphofructokinase, PFK). In addition, reductions in concentration (p less than 0.05) were also found for ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), and glycogen. With the exception of PFK, all enzyme changes and the high energy phosphates reached new stable levels by at least the 6th week of detraining. The absence of changes in muscle cell type and size during the detraining period supports the hypothesis that adaptations in energy potential of the muscle cell predominate in this type of high intensity overload situation.
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PMID:Biochemical and histochemical alterations in skeletal muscle in man during a period of reduced activity. 721 1

Single fibres from tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in young (4-week-old) and adult (35-week-old) Wistar male rats were classified into three types on the basis of their enzyme-histochemical features: slow-twitch oxidative (SO), fast-twitch oxidative and glycolytic (FOG) and fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) fibres. Ultrastructural (volume density of mitochondria: Vmt and Z line width) and metabolic (phosphofructokinase: PFK and succinate dehydrogenase: SDH activities) profiles were measured. PFK activity in all types of fibres was higher in adult rats, and the difference between the two age-groups (adult/young) was largest between FG, FOG and SO fibres respectively. SDH activity and Vmt were lower in adult rats in a similar way in all fibres. A significant positive correlation was observed between the Vmt and SDH activity in both age-groups. This positive correlation was very specific in fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibres. Changes in the Vmt did not relate directly to the changes in fibre cross-sectional area. The overall pattern indicates that glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch fibres in flexor muscles (TA and EDL) is higher than in extensor muscles (GC and SOL), and that oxidative capacity of all types of fibre in extensor muscles is higher than in flexor muscles. These profiles were changed by growth, and may be related to the specific differences in pattern of activity of each skeletal muscle, and may reflect differences in the recruitment order of different muscles.
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PMID:Differences in ultrastructural and metabolic profiles within the same type of fibres in various muscles of young and adult rats. 801 Jan 40

This study examines the effect of training intensity on the activity of enzymes in m. vastus lateralis. Elite junior cross-country skiers of both sexes trained 12-15 h weeks-1 for 5 months at either moderate (60-70% of VO2max, MIG) or high training intensity (80-90% of the VO2max, close to the lactate threshold; HIG). Muscle biopsies for enzyme analyses and fibre typing were taken before and after the training period. Histochemical analyses on single fibres were done for three enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH], hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase [HBDH], glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GPDH]), while the activity of citrate synthase [CS] and phosphofructokinase [PFK] was measured on whole biopsies. The activity of GPDH was low in ST fibres and high in FT fibres. The activity of SDH and HBDH was high in both ST and FTa fibres but low in the FTb fibres. The HIG increased their performance more than the MIG did during the training period as judged from scores on a 20-min run test. The SDH activity rose by 6% for the HIG (P < 0.02). No effects of training were found in the activities of CS, HBDH or GPDH, neither in the two training groups nor for the two genders (P > or = 0.16). The PFK activity fell by 10% for the HIG (P=0.02), while no change was found for the MIG. For GPDH, CS and SDH the women's activity was approximately 20% less than the value for the men (P < 0.03). For PFK and HBDH there was no sex difference (P > or = 0.27). There were positive correlations between the activity of three of the enzymes (CS, SDH and GPDH) and the performance parameters (VO2max, cross-country skiing and running performance; r > or = 0.6, P < 0.01). No correlations were found between the PFK or HBDH activities and the performance parameters (r < or = 0.16, P > 0.05). This study suggests that intensities near the lactate threshold affect biochemical and physiological parameters examined in this study as well as the performance of elite skiers, and that the rate-limiting enzymes may be more sensitive to training than non-rate-limiting enzymes.
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PMID:Effect of training on the activity of five muscle enzymes studied on elite cross-country skiers. 1060 27


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