Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.3.1.8 (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase)
 785 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic indirect stimulation (10 Hz) was performed on rabbit tibialis anterior muscle. Long-term stimulation (52-140 days) produced a transformation of the fast tibialis anterior into a slow red muscle as judged from the histochemistry of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase, the pattern of myosin light chains and the thorough rearrangement of the enzyme activity pattern of energy metabolism. Activity levels of citrate synthetase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined quantitatively by either microbiochemical assays (CS, MDH, HAD and LDH) on microdissected, single fibres or by kinetic microphotometry on cross-sectioned fibres (SDH). The activity profiles of these enzymes displayed pronounced scattering in the fibre population of the unstimulated muscle. Despite a several fold increase in the activities of CS, MDH, SDH and HAD and a pronounced decrease in LDH, chronic stimulation failed to abolish the metabolic heterogeneity of the fibre population. It is possible that chronic indirect stimulation cannot produce uniformity of fibres because of continuing diverse natural activity of the motor units.
 ...
PMID:Effects of chronic stimulation on the metabolic heterogeneity of the fibre population in rabbit tibialis anterior muscle. 674 46

Muscle contraction causes an increase in activity of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study was designed to determine whether chronic chemical activation of AMPK will increase mitochondrial enzymes, GLUT-4, and hexokinase in different types of skeletal muscle of resting rats. In acute studies, rats were subcutaneously injected with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 1 mg/g body wt) in 0.9% NaCl or with 0.9% NaCl alone and were then anesthetized for collection and freezing of tissues. AMPK activity increased in the superficial, white region of the quadriceps and in soleus muscles but not in the deep, red region of the quadriceps muscle. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity, a target for AMPK, decreased in all three muscle types in response to AICAR injection but was lowest in the white quadriceps. In rats given daily, 1 mg/g body wt, subcutaneous injections of AICAR for 4 wk, activities of citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were increased in white quadriceps and soleus but not in red quadriceps. Cytochrome c and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase levels were increased in white, but not red, quadriceps. Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase and hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were not significantly increased. Hexokinase was markedly increased in all three muscles, and GLUT-4 was increased in red and white quadriceps. These results suggest that chronic AMPK activation may mediate the effects of muscle contraction on some, but not all, biochemical adaptations of muscle to endurance exercise training.
 ...
PMID:Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase increases mitochondrial enzymes in skeletal muscle. 1084 39

In the experiments reported here, we used the female ladybird Coccinella septempunctata L. as a model to identify diapause-associated proteins using proteomics technology. Our results indicated that protein expression patterns of diapausing and nondiapausing individuals were highly differentiated. A total of 58 spots showed significant differences in abundance (Ratio > 2 and P < 0.05) according to two-dimensional electrophoresis and GE Image Scanner III analysis. Sixteen protein spots were further investigated using mass spectrometry. Eight proteins were characterized, including chaperones and proteins involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Among these proteins, five proteins were upregulated in diapausing female adults, including a chaperone (Symbionin symL), malate dehydrogenase (putative), two proteins linked to lipid metabolism (unknown and conserved hypothetical protein) and phosphoglyceromutase (partial). By contrast, isocitrate dehydrogenase (RH49423p), fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (AGAP001942-PA), and a putative medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were downregulated. These results contribute to the understanding of diapause mechanisms of the ladybird C. septempunctata and may suggest methods for improving the application of this natural enemy insect.
...
PMID:Proteomic research on diapause-related proteins in the female ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata L. 2660 22

The mechanisms underlying yak adaptation to high-altitude environments have been investigated using various methods, but no report has focused on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). In the present study, lncRNAs were screened from the gluteus transcriptomes of yak and their transcriptional levels were compared with those in Sanjiang cattle, Holstein cattle and Tibetan cattle. The potential target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs between species/strains were predicted using cis and trans models. Based on cis-regulated target genes, no KEGG pathway was significantly enriched. Based on trans-regulated target genes, 11 KEGG pathways in relation to energy metabolism and three KEGG pathways associated with muscle contraction were significantly enriched. Compared with cattle strains, transcriptional levels of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA-binding protein, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase were relatively higher and those of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, pyruvate kinase and lactate/malate dehydrogenase were relatively lower in yak, suggesting that yaks activated fatty acid oxidation but inhibited glucose oxidation and glycolysis. Besides, NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase showed lower transcriptional levels in yak than in cattle, which might protect muscle tissues from deterioration caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with cattle strains, the higher transcriptional level of glyoxalase in yak might contribute to dicarbonyl stress resistance. Voltage-dependent calcium channel/calcium release channel showed a lower level in yak than in cattle strains, which could reduce the Ca2+ influx and subsequently decrease the risk of hypertension. However, levels of EF-hand and myosin were higher in yak than in cattle strains, which might enhance the negative effects of reduced Ca2+ on muscle contraction. Overall, the present study identified lncRNAs and proposed their potential regulatory functions in yak.
 ...
PMID:Transcriptome analysis identified long non-coding RNAs involved in the adaption of yak to high-altitude environments. 3304 26