Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between February 1990 and March 1993, 759 female commercial sex workers who attended sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Dakar, Thies, and Mbour, Senegal, were interviewed and underwent a general physical and detailed gynecologic examination so researchers could ascertain the influence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection on the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in this high-risk population. Most lesions were low-grade SIL. 619 had neither HIV-1 nor HIV-2 infection. 9%, 8%, and 2% had HIV-1, HIV-2, and concurrent HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that 43% had HPV infection, while Southern transfer hybridization found only 7%. HIV-1 infected women faced a significant increased risk for HPV (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.9) as also did HIV-2 infected women (AOR = 1.7). Both these groups also faced an increased risk for SIL (AOR = 1.8 and 2.9, respectively), but the increased risk was not significant. Similarly, women infected with both HIV-1 and HIV-2 faced an increased risk of HPV and SIL (AOR = 4.9 and 5.2, respectively). Among women with HIV infection, women with HPV had a lower CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio (854 vs. 1033 million/l, p = 0.08, and 0.88 vs. 1.17, p = 0.05, respectively) than women with no detectable HPV. HIV-positive women with SIL had a lower CD4/CD8 ratio than HIV-positive women without SIL (0.65 vs. 1.03; p = 0.003). HIV-2 women exhibited lower immunosuppression than HIV-1 women. These findings show that both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection were associated with HPV and SIL. The researchers expressed interest in longitudinal studies designed to examine the risk of high-grade SIL, the direct precursor of invasive cervical cancer, among HIV-infected women.
...
PMID:HIV-1, HIV-2, human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in high-risk African women. 872 46

Thrombocytopenia in persons infected with HIV is prevalent and has numerous causes. To study the occurrence, associations, and effect on survival of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected persons, we used surveillance data from a longitudinal survey of the medical records of 30,214 HIV-infected patients who received medical care from January 1990 through August 1996 in more than 100 medical clinics in 10 U.S. cities. Thrombocytopenia was defined as a physician diagnosis of thrombocytopenia or a platelet count of < 50,000 platelets/ microliter. Analysis of associations of thrombocytopenia was conducted using logistic regression. In HIV+ patients, the 1-year incidence [corrected] of thrombocytopenia was 8.7% in persons with one or more AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses (clinical AIDS), 3.1% in patients with a CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 but not clinical AIDS (immunologic AIDS), and 1.7% in persons without clinical or immunologic AIDS. The incidence of thrombocytopenia was associated with clinical AIDS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.2; 99% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-3.0), immunologic AIDS (AOR 1.5, CI 1.0-2.1), history of injecting drug use (AOR 1.4, CI 1.0-1.9), anemia (AOR 5.0, CI 3.8-6.7), lymphoma (AOR 3.7, CI 1.3-10.6), and black race (AOR 0.7, CI 0.5-0.9). After controlling for anemia, clinical AIDS, CD4 count, neutropenia, antiretroviral therapy, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis, thrombocytopenia was significantly associated with decreased survival (risk ratio 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.8). Thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected persons is an important clinical condition associated with shorter survival.
...
PMID:Surveillance for thrombocytopenia in persons infected with HIV: results from the multistate Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Project. 911 81

The objective was to evaluate the association between antiretroviral therapy and AIDS mortality in New York City (NYC). Design was a population-based case-control study. We randomly selected 150 case patients and 150 control patients whose AIDS diagnosis was made during 1994 to 1996 (male:female, 2:1) from among 19,238 persons reported to the NYC Health Department HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS). Case patients had died of AIDS-related causes in 1996. Control patients, category matched with case patients on gender, were not known to have died by the end of 1996. Analysis was performed on 279 patients (142 cases and 137 controls). Cases and controls were similar in age, gender, race, HIV transmission category, and health insurance coverage. The median baseline CD4 count was 30 cells/microL for those who died and 103 cells/microL for survivors (p < 0.001). The prescription of HAART (antiretroviral combination that includes at least one protease inhibitor) in 1996 was strongly associated with survival in univariate analysis (OR = 5.1, 95%CI = 2.5-10.2). This association remained in a logistic regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, race, health insurance status, HIV transmission categories, year of AIDS diagnosis, baseline CD4 count, and other antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 8.6, 95%CI = 3.5-20.7). Prescription of combination therapy other than HAART in 1996 and baseline CD4 count were also associated with survival, but less strongly so. The survival benefit of HAART extends beyond the confines of a few highly selected patients into the "real world," reducing AIDS deaths at the population level. This population-based study supports the likelihood that the introduction of HAART in 1996 played a primary role in the decline in NYC AIDS mortality.
...
PMID:Antiretroviral therapy and declining AIDS mortality in New York City. 1097 20

To describe prevalence of fatigue and its correlates among persons with HIV infection, we abstracted medical records of 13,768 persons in care for HIV in >100 US clinics. The prevalence of fatigue (defined as fatigue, malaise, or weakness that was the primary reason for a medical visit, was persistent, or was severe enough to preclude work) was 37%. Fatigue was more common among persons with clinical AIDS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.3, CI 1.1-1.5); depression (AOR 2.4, CI 2.1-2.7); and hemoglobin concentrations <8, 8-10, and 10-12 g/dL (AORs 3.3 [CI 2.4-4.6], 2.7 [CI 2.2-3.2], and 1.5 [CI 1.3-1.7], respectively). Fatigue was not associated with viral load or CD4 cell count <200/microl. Fatigue cannot be viewed solely as a constitutional symptom of progressive HIV disease. Physicians should seek underlying, treatable causes for fatigue such as depression and anemia and treat these conditions when they are found.
...
PMID:Prevalence and correlates of fatigue among persons with HIV infection. 1269 84

Between June 1994 and February 2003, a total of 111 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection and 387 HIV-infected patients without HBV or hepatitis C virus coinfection were prospectively observed to assess the impact of HBV infection on outcomes of HIV-infected patients. After a median duration of observation of 25 months, coinfected patients were more likely to develop hepatitis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-3.82) and hepatic decompensation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 9.94; 95% CI, 1.89-52.35). Although similar proportions of the 2 patient groups had an increase in the CD4 count by > or =100x10(6) cells/L (AOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.45-1.36) and development of new opportunistic illnesses (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.53-1.66), HBV-infected patients had an increased risk for virologic failure (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.03-2.99) and death (AHR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.19-2.47) after highly active antiretroviral therapy was initiated.
...
PMID:Impact of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on outcomes of patients infected with HIV in an area where HBV infection is hyperendemic. 1515 87

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in major reductions in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, long-term use of HAART is challenging, and substantial numbers of patients discontinue their medications prematurely. The purpose of this analysis is to describe HAART adherence rates among a large urban cohort and examine factors associated with adherence (based on refill compliance). Of the 184 eligible participants, 129 (70%) were less than 95% adherent. Variables independently associated with nonadherence included frequent heroin injection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.0), baseline CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm(3) (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9-3.2), and poor treatment by health care professionals (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-3.0). Variables inversely associated with HAART nonadherence included attaining viral load suppression (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5) and methadone maintenance therapy (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9). Innovative strategies that address the social barriers facing marginalized populations are needed to support the long-term continuation of HAART.
...
PMID:Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among a community with endemic rates of injection drug use. 1686 74

We investigated prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in a cohort of HIV-1-infected pregnant women and described factors associated with STI diagnosis, as a nested study within the European Collaborative Study (ECS). The ECS is a cohort study in which HIV-infected pregnant women are enrolled and their children followed from birth, according to standard clinical and laboratory protocols. Information on STIs diagnosed during pregnancy was collected retrospectively from the antenatal records of women enrolling between January 1999 and October 2005; other variables were obtained from the ECS prospective database. A total of 1,050 women were included: 530 in Western Europe and 520 in Ukraine. Syphilis was the most common bacterial STI (2% prevalence, 95% CI 1.2-3.0). Prevalence of HPV-related genital lesions was 8.6% (95%CI 6.9-10.4) and prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was 12.1% (95%CI 10.2-14.2). Women in Ukraine (AOR 10.7, 95%CI 3.7-30.5), single women (AOR 3.9, 95%CI 1.2-12.7), sexual partners of injecting drug users (AOR 3.8, 95%CI 1.4-10.4) and women with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm(3) (AOR 5.4, 95%CI 1.0-28.1) were at increased risk of diagnosis with Chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis or Trichomonas vaginalis. African origin (AOR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.3) and CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) (AOR 3.4, 95%CI 1.5-7.8) were associated with HSV-2 and/or HPV-related genital lesions. Antenatal screening should be considered an effective tool for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of further transmission of STIs. HIV-infected women should receive adequate screening for STIs during pregnancy together with appropriate counseling and follow-up for treatment and prevention.
...
PMID:Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in Europe. 1792 35

To assess the incidence of and risk factors for acute pancreatitis in HIV-infected patients in the contemporary highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, we evaluated all cases of acute pancreatitis requiring hospitalization between 1996 and 2006 in patients followed at Johns Hopkins Hospital's HIV clinic. A nested, case-control analysis was employed for initial episodes of acute pancreatitis, and conditional logistic regression was used to assess risk factors. Of 5970 patients followed for 23,460 person-years (PYs), there were 85 episodes of acute pancreatitis (incidence: 3.6 events/1000 PYs). The incidence of pancreatitis from 1996 to 2000 was 2.6 events/1000 PYs; the incidence from 2001 to 2006 was 5.1 events/1000 PYs (p = 0.0014, comparing rates in two time periods). In multivariate regression, factors associated with pancreatitis included female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.96 [1.69, 5.19]; p < 0.001); stavudine use (AOR 2.19 [1.16, 4.15]; p = 0.016); aerosolized pentamidine use (OR 6.27; [1.42, 27.63]; p = 0.015); and CD4 count less than 50 cells/mm(3) (AOR 10.47 [3.33, 32.90]; p < 0.001). Race/ethnicity, HIV risk factor, HIV-1 RNA, and newer non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)- and protease inhibitor (PI)-based HAART regimens were not associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis after adjustment for the above factors. Pancreatitis remains a significant cause of morbidity in the HIV population in the HAART era. Acute pancreatitis is associated with female gender, severe immunosuppression, and stavudine and aerosolized pentamidine usage. Of note, newer antiretrovirals, particularly atazanavir, lopinivir/ritonavir, tenofovir, abacavir, and efavirenz, were not associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis.
...
PMID:A ten-year analysis of the incidence and risk factors for acute pancreatitis requiring hospitalization in an urban HIV clinical cohort. 1826 Aug 2

Timely diagnosis of HIV is essential to improve survival rates and reduce transmission of the virus. Insufficient progress has been made in effecting earlier HIV diagnoses. The Mexican border city of Tijuana has one of the highest AIDS incidence and mortality rates in all of Mexico. This study examined the prevalence and potential correlates of late HIV testing in Tijuana, Mexico. Late testers were defined as participants who had at least one of: (1) an AIDS-defining illness within 1 year of first positive HIV test; (2) a date of AIDS diagnosis within 1 year of first positive HIV test; or (3) an initial CD4 cell count below 200 cells per microliter within 1 year of first positive HIV test. Medical charts of 670 HIV-positive patients from two HIV/AIDS public clinics in Tijuana were reviewed and abstracted; 362 of these patients were interviewed using a cross-sectional survey. Using multivariate logistic regression, we explored potential correlates of late HIV testing based on the Behavioral Ecological Model. From 342 participants for whom late testing could be determined, the prevalence of late testing was 43.2%. Multivariate logistic regression results (n = 275) revealed five significant correlates of late testing: "I preferred not to know I had HIV" (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.78, 1.46-5.31); clinic (AOR = 1.90, 1.06-3.41); exposure to peers engaging in high-risk sexual behavior (AOR = 1.14, 1.02-1.27); stigma regarding HIV-infected individuals (AOR = 0.65, 0.47-0.92); and stigma regarding HIV testing (AOR = 0.66, 0.45-0.97). These findings may inform the design of interventions to increase timely HIV testing and help reduce HIV transmission in the community at large.
...
PMID:Determinants and prevalence of late HIV testing in Tijuana, Mexico. 2043 74

In light of the increasing availability of generic highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in India, further data are needed to examine variables associated with HAART nonadherence among HIV-infected Indians in clinical care. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 198 HIV-infected South Indian men and women between January and April 2008 receiving first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based HAART. Nonadherence was defined as taking less than 95% of HAART doses in the last 1 month, and was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. Half of the participants reported less than 95% adherence to HAART, and 50% had been on HAART for more than 24 months. The median CD4 cell count was 435 cells per microliter. An increased odds of nonadherence was found for participants with current CD4 cell counts greater than 500 cells per microliter (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.04-4.75]; p = 0.038), who were on HAART for more than 24 months (AOR: 3.07 [95% CI: 1.35-7.01]; p = 0.007), who reported alcohol use (AOR: 5.68 [95%CI: 2.10-15.32]; p = 0.001), who had low general health perceptions (AOR: 3.58 [95%CI: 1.20-10.66]; p = 0.021), and who had high distress (AOR: 3.32 [95%CI: 1.19-9.26]; p = 0.022). This study documents several modifiable risk factors for nonadherence in a clinic population of HIV-infected Indians with substantial HAART experience. Further targeted culturally specific interventions are needed that address barriers to optimal adherence.
...
PMID:Predictors of nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected South Indians in clinical care: implications for developing adherence interventions in resource-limited settings. 2109 Dec 32


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>

---