Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
 1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study investigated the influence of two different implants--the dynamic hip screw (AOR) 135 degrees with 2-hole-plate and the 135 degrees gamma-nail (HowmedicaR)--on the resulting stress and strain distributions in the proximal femur after stabilization of an idealized trochanteric fracture under typical physiological loading conditions. Data recorded for the uninjured femur were used for comparison. Two-dimensional plane stress finite element models of the femur and the implants were used for the calculations. The three-dimensional nature of this problem was approximated by an appropriate distribution of element thickness according to the real geometry in combination with an overlay technique, superimposing special finite element layers for each constituent of the bone-implant system (i.e. steel, cortical and cancellous bone). Three variations of the idealized fracture were introduced, i.e. free, with callous and bony bridging, the screw being modelled in a movable ('dynamic') as well as in a locked state. As far as the resulting stress distributions are concerned, neither of the two implants proved to be significantly superior to the other for stabilization of the idealized fracture selected.
Injury 1995 Sep
PMID:Finite element analysis of the stress distributions in the proximal end of the femur after stabilization of a pertrochanteric model fracture: a comparison of two implants. 749 80

Between July 1991 and December 1992, in Indramaya, West Java, Indonesia, trained community workers administered a questionnaire to mothers who experienced a death of a child under 5 years old during the study period (total deaths, 141) to study patterns of seeking care for gravely ill infants and children. The workers interviewed most mothers within 7 days of the child death. During this time, the neonatal mortality rate was 26.7, postneonatal mortality was 47.6, overall infant mortality was 74.3, and overall under-5 mortality was 80.7. Trauma was responsible for 2 deaths. The remaining causes of death were illness. Among these, 46% took place within the first 59 days of life. Duration of terminal illness varied from a few hours to more than 2 weeks. Families sought either just care from Western medical practitioner or a Western medical practitioner and a traditional healer in 36% of deaths due to illness. They sought a traditional healer and/or other people not trained in Western medicine in 42.4% of cases. They did not seek any care in the e remaining 21.6% of cases. 77% of the mothers of these cases believed the child's death was God's will. Seeking care, regardless of traditional or Western care, was positively linked to child's age (e.g., adjusted odds ration [AOR] = 15 for 3-5 years olds; p = .007); duration of illness (AOR = 2.8; p = .05); mother's attendance during the last 3 months at the once a month maternal and child health activity of growth monitoring, training in oral rehydration, and child immunizations called posyandu (AOR = 3.5; p = .03); and mother's response to the scenario of a 1 = month old infant with severe pneumonia (AOR = 2.6 for would seek Western care; p = .05).
Lancet 1993 Sep 25
PMID:Care-seeking for fatal illnesses in young children in Indramayu, west Java, Indonesia. 810 80

Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) has been previously purified from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, an organism that grows optimally at 100 degrees C by fermenting carbohydrates and peptides. The enzyme contains thiamine pyrophosphate and catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 and reduces P. furiosus ferredoxin. Here we show that this enzyme also catalyzes the formation of acetaldehyde from pyruvate in a CoA-dependent reaction. Desulfocoenzyme A substituted for CoA showing that the cofactor plays a structural rather than a catalytic role. Ferredoxin was not necessary for the pyruvate decarboxylase activity of POR, nor did it inhibit acetaldehyde production. The apparent Km values for CoA and pyruvate were 0.11 mM and 1.1 mM, respectively, and the optimal temperature for acetaldehyde formation was above 90 degrees C. These data are comparable to those previously determined for the pyruvate oxidation reaction of POR. At 80 degrees C (pH 8.0), the apparent Vm value for pyruvate decarboxylation was about 40% of the apparent Vm value for pyruvate oxidation rate (using P. furiosus ferredoxin as the electron acceptor). Tentative catalytic mechanisms for these two reactions are presented. In addition to POR, three other 2-keto acid ferredoxin oxidoreductases are involved in peptide fermentation by hyperthermophilic archaea. It is proposed that the various aldehydes produced by these oxidoreductases in vivo are used by two aldehyde-utilizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the physiological roles of which were previously unknown.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Sep 02
PMID:Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a CoA-dependent pyruvate decarboxylase. 927 70

Ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus is a monomeric protein (7.5 kDa) that contains a single [4Fe-4S]1+, 2+ cluster. The protein is unusual in that its cluster is coordinated by three Cys and one Asp residue, rather than by the typical four Cys residues. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to obtain mutant forms in which the cluster-coordinating Asp was replaced by Cys (D14C) and also by Ser (D14S), together with a third mutant (A1K) which contained N-Met-Lys at the N-terminus instead of N-Ala. Analyses using UV-visible absorption, far-UV circular dichroism, and EPR spectroscopy showed that there were no gross structural differences between the native and the three mutant forms and that they each contained a [4Fe-4S] cluster. The reduction potentials, determined by direct electrochemistry (at 23 degrees C, pH 8.0), of the D14S, D14C, and A1K mutants were -490, -422, and -382 mV, respectively, which compare with values of -375 mV for native [4Fe-4S]-containing ferredoxin and -160 mV for the [3Fe-4S]-containing form. The native, D14C, and A1K proteins functioned as electron acceptors in vitroat 80 degrees C for pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR) and aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) from P. furiosus using pyruvate and crotonaldehyde as substrates, respectively. The calculated kcat/Km values were similar for the three proteins when ferredoxin reduction was measured either directly by visible absorption or indirectly by coupling ferredoxin reoxidation to the reduction of metronidazole. In contrast, using the D14S mutant and the 3Fe-form of the native ferredoxin as electron acceptors, the activity with AOR was virtually undetectable, and with POR the calculated kcat/Km values were at least 3-fold lower than those obtained with the native (4Fe-), D14C, and A1K proteins. The ability of this 4Fe-ferredoxin to accept electrons from two oxidoreductases of the same organism is therefore not absolutely dependent upon Asp14, as this residue can be effectively replaced by Cys. However, the efficiency of electron transfer is compromised if Asp14 is replaced by Ser, or if the 4Fe-cluster is converted to the 3Fe-form, but Asp14 does not appear to offer any kinetic advantage over the expected Cys.
Biochemistry 1997 Sep 09
PMID:Site-directed mutations of the 4Fe-ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: role of the cluster-coordinating aspartate in physiological electron transfer reactions. 928 79

Data from a cohort of young HIV-negative gay and bisexual men were analyzed to identify determinants of sexual risk-taking at baseline. Gay/bisexual men aged between 18 and 30 completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographics, depression, social support, substance use, and consensual versus nonconsensual sex. Risk-takers were defined as those who had unprotected anal sex with casual male sex partners in the previous year; non-risk-takers were defined as those who reported consistent condom use during anal sex with all male partners in the previous year. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of sexual risk-taking. Of 439 men studied, risk-takers had less education, a higher depression score, less social support, and were more likely to report nonconsensual sex and recreational drug use relative to non-risk-takers. Independent predictors of sexual risk-taking were low education, nitrite use, low social support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.65; 95% CI, 1.04-2.59), and nonconsensual sex experienced as a youth or adult (AOR=1.85; 95% CI, 1.15-2.96). Young gay/bisexual men reporting nonconsensual sex, low social support, or nitrite use were significantly more likely to have recently had unprotected anal sex with casual partners. HIV prevention programs aimed at young gay/bisexual men should include sexual abuse counselling and foster community norms supporting safer sex practices.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998 Sep 01
PMID:Determinants of sexual risk-taking among young HIV-negative gay and bisexual men. 973 71

The objective was to evaluate the association between antiretroviral therapy and AIDS mortality in New York City (NYC). Design was a population-based case-control study. We randomly selected 150 case patients and 150 control patients whose AIDS diagnosis was made during 1994 to 1996 (male:female, 2:1) from among 19,238 persons reported to the NYC Health Department HIV/AIDS Reporting System (HARS). Case patients had died of AIDS-related causes in 1996. Control patients, category matched with case patients on gender, were not known to have died by the end of 1996. Analysis was performed on 279 patients (142 cases and 137 controls). Cases and controls were similar in age, gender, race, HIV transmission category, and health insurance coverage. The median baseline CD4 count was 30 cells/microL for those who died and 103 cells/microL for survivors (p < 0.001). The prescription of HAART (antiretroviral combination that includes at least one protease inhibitor) in 1996 was strongly associated with survival in univariate analysis (OR = 5.1, 95%CI = 2.5-10.2). This association remained in a logistic regression analysis after adjusting for sex, age, race, health insurance status, HIV transmission categories, year of AIDS diagnosis, baseline CD4 count, and other antiretroviral therapy (AOR = 8.6, 95%CI = 3.5-20.7). Prescription of combination therapy other than HAART in 1996 and baseline CD4 count were also associated with survival, but less strongly so. The survival benefit of HAART extends beyond the confines of a few highly selected patients into the "real world," reducing AIDS deaths at the population level. This population-based study supports the likelihood that the introduction of HAART in 1996 played a primary role in the decline in NYC AIDS mortality.
J Urban Health 2000 Sep
PMID:Antiretroviral therapy and declining AIDS mortality in New York City. 1097 20

Although family studies have established that asthma has a hereditary basis, little evidence has been presented about the family risk of simple asthma (AS or nonatopic asthma) and asthma with other atopic diseases (AWAD or atopic asthma) after adjusting for potential risk factors. In this study, data were collected on demographic variables and a wide range of known risk factors for asthma. Study participants were asthmatic adolescents and controls, and their relatives. The role of a familial history of asthma and atopic diseases in predicting asthma risk among asthmatic adolescents and their relatives was evaluated in a population-based family study conducted in southern Taiwan. Asthma risk factor data were collected through telephone interviews with students' parents for 207 asthmatic adolescents 11-16 years of age, their 1600 relatives, and 207 nonasthmatic adolescents in the control group and their 1638 relatives. The results show (after adjusting potential confounders) that a family history of asthma is highly associated with asthma in adolescents. Having two or more family members with asthma was associated with a 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-12.0) increased risk of asthma among adolescents. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of having an asthmatic relative and the effect of atopic diseases among relatives of cases. Having a family history of asthma and other atopic conditions, such as rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.64, 95% CI = 2.29-5.74 and AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.53-2.46, respectively), was found to be a significant predictor of asthma in children. Along with a history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, familial risks of asthma occurring in adolescents with and without other atopic diseases will be analyzed separately. A critical finding was the significant difference in a risk of asthma and atopic diseases among the relatives of asthma cases with atopic diseases and controls. However, for relatives of asthma cases without atopic diseases compared to control probands, AORs were highly significant for family history of asthma, but not for the family history of atopic diseases. These findings suggest that both forms of asthma may be hereditary, but there are differences in their modes of inheritance. Atopic status itself did not predispose a child to AS. A concomitant inheritance of a predisposition to asthma and atopic condition for AWAD cases was suggested.
J Asthma 2001 Sep
PMID:Familial risk of asthma among adolescents and their relatives in Taiwan. 1164 15

Access to clean needles and syringes through needle exchange programs (NEPs) has reduced both high-risk behaviors and the transmission of blood-borne infections among injection drug users (IDUs). However, policies regarding "needle-for-needle" exchange versus unrestricted needle distribution remain controversial. The objective of this study was to compare sources of needles, trends in needle distribution, and the practice of satellite needle distribution (SND) among IDUs in Vancouver and Montreal. SND was defined as receiving a new syringe from another individual through trading, purchasing, borrowing, or being given the syringe outright, or supplying a syringe to another individual through trading, selling, lending, or giving a syringe outright. This was practiced by 46% of IDUs in Vancouver and 50% of IDUs in Montreal. SND was associated with borrowing used injection equipment (adjusted OR [AOR], 2.62; 95% CI: 1.85-3.71), conducting bulk needle exchanges (AOR, 1.85; 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), being married or in a common-law relationship (AOR, 1.85; 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), and regular visits to the NEP (> weekly) (AOR, 1.54; 95% CI: 1.17-2.13). In Vancouver, SND was also associated with borrowing used needles (AOR, 2.07; 95% CI: 1.22-3.52). In these two cities, despite different distribution policies, almost half of the participants reported SND, and this was associated with high risk sharing. The practice of SND appears to be an important mechanism for needle acquisition, especially for those at highest risk for HIV and hepatitis C transmission.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002 Sep 01
PMID:Satellite needle distribution among injection drug users: policy and practice in two canadian cities. 1235 56

In Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, difficulty accessing syringes at night has been shown to be strongly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior among the city's injection drug users (IDUs). On September 1, 2001, the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU) initiated an unsanctioned all-night needle-exchange program on a street corner in the heart of the neighborhood where many of the city's IDUs are concentrated. An external evaluation of the population reached by the VANDU exchange was performed through the Vancouver Injection Drug User's Study, a prospective cohort study of IDUs begun in 1996. Persons accessing syringes through the exchange were compared to those active injectors who acquired their syringes from other sources, including the city's fixed site exchange, which closes at 8:00 PM. Overall, 587 active IDUs were seen during the period September 2001 to June 2002; of these individuals, 165 (28.1%) reported using the VANDU exchange. In multivariate analyses, participants who used the VANDU table were more likely to frequently inject cocaine (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-2.44), inject in public (AOR=2.71; 95% CI=1.62-4.53), and require help injecting (OR=2.13; 95% CI=1.33-3.42). Interestingly, use of the table was also independently associated with safer syringe disposal (AOR=2.69; 95% CI=1.38-5.21). Results indicate that the unsanctioned exchange appears to have reached those IDUs at highest risk of HIV infection. Although the cross-sectional nature of the study design warrants caution, we also found that use of the nighttime exchange was strongly associated with higher rates of safe syringe disposal. The data suggest that drug user organizations can play a major role in reducing harm among their peers by reaching the highest risk drug users with harm reduction services. The findings also suggest that other forms of syringe-exchange programs should consider the benefits of offering fixed site nighttime service.
J Urban Health 2003 Sep
PMID:An external evaluation of a peer-run "unsanctioned" syringe exchange program. 1293 Aug 83

This study compared pain assessment and management in the last 48 hours of life for hospice and nonhospice nursing home residents. Included were 209 hospice and 172 nonhospice residents in 28 nursing homes in six geographic areas. Hospice patients were considered short-stay (seven days or less) (n=51), or longer-stay (over seven days) (n=158). Of residents not in a hospital or a coma (n=265), 33% of nonhospice residents, 6% of short-stay and 7% of longer-stay hospice residents had no documented pain assessment (P<0.05). For those with pain documented (n=93), longer-stay hospice residents, compared to nonhospice residents, had a significantly greater likelihood of having received an opioid (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.4; 95% CI 1.3, 21.7), and an opioid at least twice a day (AOR 2.7; 95% CI 0.9, 7.7; P=0.07). Study results suggest that hospice enrollment improves pain assessment and management for nursing home residents; they also document the need for continued improvement of pain management in nursing homes.
J Pain Symptom Manage 2003 Sep
PMID:Hospice enrollment and pain assessment and management in nursing homes. 1296 28


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