Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
 1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Untreated tropical parasitic co-infections appear to speed the progression of HIV-1 disease. However, to date, there have been few studies conducted in resource limited settings to ascertain the interaction of parasitic co-infection where HIV/AIDS management largely depends on CD4+ T lymphocyte cells counts and WHO clinical staging. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasites, their association with CD4+ T lymphocyte cells changes and clinical manifestation of HIV-infection in patients attending HIV/AIDS management clinics in Tanzania. Adult HIV-infected patients registering for the first time at HIV/AIDS management clinics were recruited; with physical examination and laboratory tests performed at baseline and after 6 months. Patients were assigned a clinical stage and scr.eened for helminths and Plasmodium sp. co-infection, CD4+ T lymphocyte cells, haemoglobin and HIV-1 p24 antigen. Of the 421 HIV-1 infected patients studied, 198 (47.0%) were co-infected with one or more parasites. Of those studied, 93/421(22.1%) had helminth only co-infection, and 50/421 (12.9%) had Plasmodium sp only co-infection. Mixed Plasmodium sp and helminth co-inf6ction was diagnosed in 55/421 (13.0%) patients. Helminths frequently diagnosed included: hookworm 65/421(15.4%), Schistosomiasis 49/421(11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis 57/421(13.5%), and Ascaris lumbricoides 54/421(12.8%). No statistical association was found between CD4+ T lymphocyte cells < 200/ 1, or WHO clinical stage III/ IV with parasite co-infections (AOR 1.2, 95%CI 0.8-1.8). Anaemia was common in parasite co-infected patients (32.8% vs. 18.8%). Parasite co-infection was associated with risk of anaemia (AOR 2.1, 95%CI 1.3-3.2). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte cells <200/V1 was significantly associated with CD4+ T lymphocyte cells <20041 (AOR 2.4, 95%CI 1.3-4.7) at six months. HIV-1 P24 antigen mean concentration was higher in parasite co- infected patients (ranges 47.6 to 56.9) as compared to patients without parasite co-infection (5.5). We have looked at one set of parasites and found high prevalence of malaria and helminth co-infection in HIV-infected individuals. Given the available reports on health impacts of helminth co-infection in HIV/AIDS patients and the anecdotal reports of helminths health effects in HIV-uninfected persons, helminths and other prevalent parasites should not be ignored in HIV/AIDS programs. Based on local helminth epidemiology and HIV-infected cohort specific helminths co-infection prevalence data, mass treatment of soil transmitted helminths can be incorporated into HIV/AIDS management programmes.
 ...
PMID:HIV and parasitic co-infections among patients seeking care at health facilities in Tanzania. 2659 51

Background and Methods: Schistosomiasis is debilitating and reported to impair immune responsiveness of infected hosts. In Cameroon, mass drug administration (MDA) is used in schoolchildren to reduce transmission of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. The effects of MDA and the impact of schistosomiasis on the titers of antibodies in vaccinated children have been poorly studied. We therefore assessed the prevalence of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren, eight months after MDA, in two locations: Barombi Koto (BK), endemic for S. haematobium (N = 169) and Yoro (Y), endemic for S. mansoni (N = 356). Age, gender, residence time and frequency of contact with river water were assessed as risk factors for infection and morbidity in both localities. In 70 schoolchildren from BK and 83 from Y, ultrasound was used to assess morbidity according to the WHO guidelines. Evaluation of measles antibodies was performed in previously vaccinated schoolchildren (14 with S. haematobium and 12 egg-negative controls from BK and 47 with S. mansoni and12 egg-negative controls from Y). Principal Findings and conclusions: The prevalence of S. haematobium was 25. 4% in BK (43/169) and 34.8% for S. mansoni in Y (124/356), indicating the persistent transmission of schistosomiasis despite MDA. Older age (AOR 1.31; 95%CI 1.12-1.54) and higher frequencies of exposure to river water (AOR 1.99; 95%CI 1.03-3.86) were identified as risks for infection in BK whereas only older age (OR 1.15; 95%CI 1.04-1.27) was a risk for infection in Y. Bladder pathology (score 2 to 5) was observed in 29.2% (7/24) of egg-positive children in BK and liver pathology (pattern C) in 31.1% (19/61) of egg-positive children in Y. There was a positive correlation between S. haematobium egg burden and bladder pathology (AOR 1.01; 95% CI 0.99-1.02) and positive correlation between S. mansoni-driven liver pathology and female gender (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 0.88-10.26). Anti-measles antibodies in vaccinated children were significantly lower in S. mansoni-infected when compared to egg-negative controls (p = 0.001), which was not observed in the S. haematobium-infected group from BK. Our results demonstrate a questionable efficacy of MDA alone in halting schistosomiasis transmission and confirm a possible immunomodulatory effect of S. mansoni on response to vaccines.
 ...
PMID:Schistosomiasis Burden and Its Association With Lower Measles Vaccine Responses in School Children From Rural Cameroon. 3035 57

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of plasma levels of IL-33, a mucosal alarmin known to elicit type-2 immunity, with infection and liver fibrosis profiles of school children from an endemic area for Schistosoma mansoni, malaria and hepatitis (B & C) in rural Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling schoolchildren from 5 public schools was conducted. Single schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis infections or co-infections were assessed by kato katz, microscopy, and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO Niamey guidelines and plasma levels of Interleukin 33 were determined by ELISA. All statistics were performed using R studio software. Principal findings: We found a prevalence of 13.5% (37/275), 18.2% (50/275), and 8% (22/275), respectively for schistosomiasis, malaria and hepatitis (B or C) single infections. Only 7.6% (21/275) of co-infections were reported. Although Plasma IL-33 showed a minimal negative risk for schistosomiasis infection (AOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97-1.01), S. mansoni infected participants had lower levels of plasma IL-33 (p = 0.003) which decreased significantly as eggs burdens increased (p = 0.01) with a negative Pearson coefficient of r = -0.22. Hepatic fibrosis occurred in 47.3% (130/275) of our study population independently from plasma levels of IL-33 (AOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01). Conclusion/Significance: Our data failed to show an association between plasma IL-33 levels and liver disease but convincingly report on a negative association between plasma IL-33 levels and schistosomiasis infection and egg burden in school children from a polyparasitic schistosomiasis endemic area.
 ...
PMID:Negative Association of Interleukin-33 Plasma Levels and Schistosomiasis Infection in a Site of Polyparasitism in Rural Cameroon. 3184 91