Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
 1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An epidemiologic survey (n = 466) was conducted in an area of subtropical rainforest in north-west Ecuador with the following objectives: (1) to determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), (2) to identify the Leishmania species causing human disease, (3) to investigate the major clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis, (4) to study cellular and humoral immune response indicators associated with disease status and (5) to identify risk factors for CL. Fourteen percent of subjects had parasitologically confirmed CL; 33% had evidence of prior disease. However, 17.2% of subjects with a negative CL clinical history presented with a positive Montenegro skin test (MST), indicating the possibility of subclinical infection. The species isolated from subject lesions were L. guyanensis (63%), L. panamensis (33%), and L. brazilensis (4%). Mean specific anti-Leishmania IgG and IgM OD serum levels were highest in subjects diagnosed with current CL, followed by those with prior CL, and were lowest in healthy subjects, respectively (0.56 +/- 0.27 vs 0.33 +/- 0.2 vs 0.22 +/- 0.14; F-ratio = 74; P < 0.00001) and (665 +/- 270 vs 481 +/- 220 vs 301 +/- 128.5; F-ratio = 37; P < 0.00001). Likewise, subjects with present CL had measurably higher MST reactions (13 +/- 6.7 mm) than those with prior CL (10.9 +/- 7.8 mm) or healthy individuals (2.4 +/- 2.5 mm; F-ratio = 106; P < 0.00001). Serum concentrations of IgG were predicted by lesion number (t = 2.5; P = 0.018), size (t = 3.7; P = 0.0006), and duration (t = 3.5; P = 0.0013). Furthermore, the MST induration size increased as a function of lesion number (t = 3.0; P = 0.005) and size (t = 3.4; P = 0.022). Subject age and sex did not predict serum IgG or IgM concentrations or MST reactions in the 3 disease groups. Although no sex differences were found with respect to clinical characteristics, children < or = 12 years of age were almost 3 times more likely to have CL lesions or scars located on the face and head area compared to adults (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.4-5.6, P = 0.004). The risk factors associated with disease included age under 5 years (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.48-2.35), male gender in adults (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.1-7.8), and wood and/or cane exterior house walls (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.4-2.5). In contrast, electric home lighting was associated with decreased risk (AOR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.4-2.3). The results suggest that it may be possible to modify a portion of the risk of CL by making changes in the housing environment which may help to reduce the amount of human-vector contact.
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PMID:The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in subtropical Ecuador. 947 99

There are two main species of Leishmania reported in Thailand, that is, Leishmania siamensis and Leishmania martiniquensis. Moreover, leishmaniasis cases caused by Leishmania donovani complex were also reported. There is still a lack of information concerning risk factors of Leishmania infection in Thailand. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Leishmania infection caused by these three species among HIV-infected patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV clinic at Trang Hospital, Thailand. Nested PCR and sequencing were performed to detect Leishmania DNA in blood and saliva samples and identify Leishmania species. A standardized questionnaire was used to interview individuals. A total of 526 patients were recruited in this study. Sixty-three (12.0%) were positive for L. siamensis, 24 (4.6%) were positive for L. martiniquensis, and 23 (4.4%) were positive for L. donovani complex. Risk factors of L. siamensis infection included using intravenous drug (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.01, 95% CI: 1.01-4.02). Risk factors of L. martiniquensis infection included female gender (AOR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.52-11.75), using recreational drug (AOR 3.43, 95% CI: 1.00-11.74), and having comorbidities (AOR 4.94, 95% CI: 2.00-12.21). Risk factors of L. donovani complex infection included having opportunistic infection (AOR 4.22, 95% CI: 1.00-17.79), CD4 count 200-500 cells/mm3 (AOR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.14-6.86), and not using insect repellent (AOR 3.04, 95% CI: 1.08-8.58). This study identified the risk factors of Leishmania infection caused by three Leishmania species in Thailand. The data could be useful for disease prevention and control. Further studies on trends of Leishmania infection and preventive measures are recommended.
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PMID:Risk Factors of Leishmania Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Trang Province, Southern Thailand: A Study on Three Prevalent Species. 3270 Jun 74