Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
 1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During mid-1987 to mid-1988 and mid-1990 to mid-1991, researchers conducted cross sectional serological surveys at the STD clinic in Port of Spain in Trinidad to examine trends in HIV-1 prevalence among 2019 and 1606 STD patients, respectively. They also conducted a case control study of risk factors for HIV-1 infection among heterosexual STD patients (131 cases and 173 age- and sex-matched controls) in 1992-1993. Between 1987-1988 and 1990-1991, HIV-1 seroprevalence increased markedly (3% to 13.6%). It increased more in women than in men (9- vs. 4-fold). During 1987-1988, men were more likely to be infected with HIV-1 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1), but by 1990-1991, gender was no longer a significant risk factor (OR = 1.3). In 1990-1991, significant risk factors for HIV-1 infection were urban residence (OR = 2.2), HTLV-1 infection (OR = 3.1), and being at least 40 years old (OR = 1.8). None of these risk factors were significant in 1987-1988. HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfection increased between the two surveys (0.05% to 1.5%). Significant independent HIV-1 risk factors in men identified in the case control study were: used crack cocaine in the past 6 months (adjusted OR [AOR] = 6.2; p = 0.0001); ever had anal sex (AOR = 7.2; p = 0.003); ever had syphilis (AOR = 3.2; p = 0.02); current genital ulcer disease (AOR = 5.2; p = 0.0001); and current genital warts (AOR = 3.9; p = 0.02). Significant independent HIV-1 risk factors in women were: less than 14 years old at first sex (OR = 4.8; p = 0.01); ever been a commercial sex worker (AOR = 5.7; p = 0.02); and ever had nongonococcal cervicitis (AOR = 4.1; p = 0.005). These findings suggest that sexual exposure to HIV-1 through ulcers for men and inflammatory STD and/or prostitution for women, all fueled by the crack cocaine epidemic, account for much of HIV-1 exploding in Trinidad. Public health interventions to prevent, detect, and treat STDs and crack cocaine addition may greatly reduce HIV-1 transmission.
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PMID:HIV-1 prevalence and risk factors among sexually transmitted disease clinic attenders in Trinidad. 779 44

In India, substantial efforts have been made to increase awareness about HIV/AIDS among female sex workers (FSWs). We assessed the impact of awareness regarding safe sex in a cohort of FSWs by studying trends in HIV prevalence, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and risk behaviors measured from 1993 to 2002 in Pune, India. A total of 1359 FSWs attending 3 STD clinics were screened for HIV infection, and data on demographics, sexual behaviors, and past and current STDs were obtained. The overall HIV prevalence among FSWs was 54%. Not being married (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17 to 2.59), being widowed (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.80), inconsistent condom use (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.50), clinical presence of genital ulcer disease (GUD; AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.56), and genital warts (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.57 to 14.08) were independently associated with HIV infection among FSWs. The prevalence of HIV remained stable over 10 years (46% in 1993 and 50% in 2002; P = 0.80). The prevalence of GUD decreased over time (P < 0.001), whereas that of observed genital discharge remained stable. Reported consistent condom use as well as the proportion of FSWs who refused sexual contact without condoms increased over time (P < 0.001). These data collectively suggest that safe sex interventions have had a positive impact on FSWs in Pune, India.
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PMID:Correlates and trend of HIV prevalence among female sex workers attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Pune, India (1993-2002). 1634 Apr 82

Psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade were tested as correlates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 76 pregnant heroin- or cocaine-dependent women. Participants were recruited from a drug treatment programme and attended a clinician-administered assessment including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV-TR) and self-report questionnaires about lifetime histories of sex trade and STIs (i.e. gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, genital warts or trichomonas). Lifetime and six month rates of STIs were 53.9% and 18.4%, respectively. The majority of women also had lifetime histories of psychiatric co-morbidity (61.8%) and/or sex trade (60.5%). Participants with psychiatric co-morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-11.6) and/or sex trade (AOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1-9.5) were more likely to report STIs during their lifetime compared with those without such histories while controlling for age, education and race/ethnicity. Results suggest that as many as one-in-five pregnant heroin- or cocaine-dependent women in treatment have one or more STIs that are concurrent with their pregnancy and may contribute to risk for contracting HIV and pregnancy complications; psychiatric co-morbidity and/or sex trade were associated with greater STI risk. Findings underscore the importance of identifying and addressing co-morbid psychiatric disorders and sex trade behaviour in this population.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted infections among pregnant heroin- or cocaine-addicted women in treatment: the significance of psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade. 2009 1

The prevalence of HIV and HPV is high among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. It is unclear whether cognitive and affective responses related to HPV and HPV-related diseases are negatively associated with HIV-related risk behaviors among MSM. This cross-sectional study interviewed 449 adult Chinese MSM in Hong Kong. The prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and having had anal sex with more than one man in the last 6 months (multiple male sex partnerships) was 39.0 and 71.3 %, respectively. After adjusting for four significant background variables (education level, cohabitation with a man, exposure to HIV prevention materials, and HIV voluntary counseling and testing), variables negatively associated with UAI and/or multiple male sex partnerships included (1) correct HPV-related knowledge (AOR = 0.48-0.66), (2) perceived susceptibility (AOR = 0.32-0.55) and perceived severity (AOR = 0.12-0.60) related to HPV and HPV-related diseases, and (3) fear towards contracting genital warts and penile/anal cancer (AOR = 0.40-0.55). Perceived high chance of contracting HPV was positively associated with multiple partnerships (AOR = 4.74). It is possible to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors by increasing levels of knowledge, cognitions, and fear related to HPV and related diseases. It is important to integrate prevention of HIV with prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Such interventions are warranted.
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PMID:Perceptions of HPV, genital warts, and penile/anal cancer and high-risk sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. 2398 68