Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:1.2.7.5 (AOR)
1,763 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Numerous epidemiological studies have established that occupational exposures and smoking are the two major known risk factors for the development of bladder cancer. Using data from the Missouri Cancer Registry, we investigated the hypothesis that individuals with occupationally-related bladder cancer are more likely to have a more invasive form of the disease. Data were analyzed for 2,893 white males diagnosed with primary bladder cancer in Missouri between 1984 and 1988. Of the 1,415 cases whose occupational status was recorded, 236 (17%) were employed in high-risk occupations. Cases with high-grade disease were more likely to have been employed in a high-risk occupation, after adjustment for age and smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.6). High-risk workers under 60 years of age were most at risk for developing high-grade bladder tumors (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.0-5.3). There was no overall association between high-risk occupation and late-stage disease (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.7-1.5), but it was present in the men younger than 60 years of age (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.0-3.8). No association was found between tobacco use and grade (AOR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.8-1.5), but cases with late-stage disease were more likely to be smokers (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9). When occupations were examined individually, motor vehicle operators, truck drivers, vehicle mechanics, other mechanics, and janitors were among those most likely to be diagnosed with high-grade or late-stage tumors. Although further studies are necessary to confirm these results, they suggest that surveillance and targeted screening of workers in high-risk occupations may result in a greater yield of early invasive cancers and possibly decrease the mortality associated with this disease.
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PMID:Occupation, smoking, and the risk of high-grade invasive bladder cancer in Missouri. 160 16

A mouse monoclonal, anti-idiotypic, anti-opioid receptor antibody (Ab2-AOR) has been generated from monoclonal anti-morphine antibodies (Ab1). Hybridoma culture supernatants were screened by a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), based on their competition with radiolabelled morphine for Ab1. One of the Ab2s that gave a positive RIA also competed at rat brain opioid receptors with tritiated opioid ligands dihydromorphine (DHM), naloxone, etorphine, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu (DADLE), Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol (DAMGE) and Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen (DPDPE). SDS-PAGE revealed Ab2-AOR to be highly purified after successive affinity and protein A-Sepharose chromatography. Ab2-AOR at concentrations of 10-100 nM competed with both mu- and delta-selective specific ligands for brain opioid receptors. Less than 13 micrograms/ml Ab2-AOR completely inhibited specific opioid radioligand binding to both soluble and membrane-bound opioid receptors. To demonstrate its anti-delta receptor activity further, a double-antibody ELISA procedure was developed that is based on the binding of Ab2-AOR to immobilized NG 108-15 cells (which contain only delta opioid receptors). Dose-dependent, opioid peptide- and opiate alkaloid-competitive binding of Ab2-AOR-containing ascites fluid to NG 108-15 cells was observed. A mu opioid agonist effect was demonstrated for Ab2-AOR, in that it decreased by 70% [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of fetal brain cell aggregates. This agonist-like action of Ab2-AOR was blocked by naltrexone. The antibody bound specifically to brain tissue sections and the presence of diprenorphine blocked this interaction. Hence, an Ab2 with mu and delta specificity has been characterized.
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PMID:A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody to mu and delta opioid receptors. 164 33

The anaerobic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, grows optimally at 100 degrees C by a fermentative-type metabolism in which H2, CO2, and organic acids are end products. The growth of this organism is stimulated by tungsten, and, from it, a novel, red-colored, tungsten-iron-sulfur protein, abbreviated RTP, has been purified (Mukund, S., and Adams, M. W. W. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11508-11516). RTP (Mr approximately 85,000) contained approximately 1W, 7Fe, and 5 acid-labile sulfide atoms/molecule and exhibited unique EPR properties. The physiological function of the protein, however, was unknown. We show here that RTP is an inactive form of an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR). The active enzyme was obtained by rapid purification under anaerobic conditions using buffers containing dithiothreitol and glycerol. AOR catalyzed the oxidation of a range of aliphatic aldehydes with an optimum temperature for activity above 90 degrees C, but it did not oxidize glucose or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, nor reduce NAD(P), and its activity was independent of CoA. The active (AOR) and inactive (RTP) forms of the enzyme were indistinguishable in their contents of metals and acid-labile sulfide and in their EPR properties. The latter are though to originate from two nonidentical and spin-coupled iron-sulfur clusters, whereas the tungsten in this enzyme, which was not detectable by EPR, appears to be present as a novel pterin cofactor. Inhibition and activation studies indicated that AOR contains a catalytically essential W-SH group that is not present in RTP, the inactive form. AOR is a new type of aldehyde-oxidizing enzyme and is the first aldehyde oxidoreductase to be purified from an archaebacterium or a nonactogenic anaerobic bacterium. Its physiological role in P. furiosus is proposed as the oxidation of glyceraldehyde to glycerate in a unique, partially nonphosphorylated, glycolytic pathway that generates acetyl-CoA from glucose without the participation of nicotinamide nucleotides.
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PMID:The novel tungsten-iron-sulfur protein of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, is an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Evidence for its participation in a unique glycolytic pathway. 190 73

Proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in the cardiovascular system of coarctation hypertensive rats was examined by in vivo and in vitro labeling of glycosaminoglycans with 35SO4 in rats made hypertensive for short (4 days) and longer (14 days) durations. With in vivo labeling, only tissues directly exposed to elevated pressure (left ventricle, LV and aorta above the clip, AOR increases) exhibited elevated PG synthesis after 4 days of hypertension. By 14 days, tissues both exposed to (LV and AOR increases) and protected from elevated pressure (right ventricle and kidney) exhibited elevated PG synthetic rates. Slight elevations in the proportion of galactosaminoglycans were observed with a concurrent proportional decrease in heparan sulfate PGs. Using the in vitro labeling procedure, no significant increases in PG synthesis were observed in any tissue at either 4 days or 14 days of hypertension. These data indicate that: 1) coarctation hypertension stimulates PG production that is dependent initially on increased pressure and later, on additional non-pressure related factors, 2) these other factors are responsible for enhanced PG production in tissues not directly exposed to pressure overload, 3) pressure and/or these other factors are essential for enhanced PG production in coarctation hypertension, and 4) synthesis of all GAG types appears to be affected.
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PMID:Increased proteoglycan synthesis by the cardiovascular system of coarctation hypertensive rats. 206 67

To better understand risk factors for falls among community-dwelling elderly, we analyzed data from a sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries interviewed in 1987 and a year later. Demographic, social, medical, and functional information were obtained by telephone interviews with 736 subjects (68% women) whose average age was 76.5 (range, 65-99). At baseline, 63 subjects reported a fall and 67 reported two or more stumbles without a fall in the past month. At the second interview follow-up information on falls in the past year was obtained on 586 subjects. One hundred twenty-seven (22%) subjects reported one or more falls. Baseline risk factors that were independent predictors of a fall at the second interview included two or more stumbles (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-4.5), one or more falls (AOR 5.9, 95% CI 2.9-12.2), having spent 4 or more days in bed in the past month (AOR 7.7, 95% CI 1.9-31.0), and self-reported declining health status (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.5). Falls and stumbles are prevalent among community-dwelling elderly. After controlling for covariates, we found subjects who reported two or more stumbles in the past month are at increased risk for a fall in the following year.
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PMID:Multiple stumbles: a risk factor for falls in community-dwelling elderly. A prospective study. 225 71

The Haemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam (FLU) 1.25 mg X m-2 administered intravenously were studied in 18 anaesthetized cardiac patients suffering from isolated mitral (MIT, n = 6), aortic (AOR, n = 6) or coronary (COR, n = 6) lesions. A placebo group of 18 clinically similar patients was used to assess the stability of the cardiovascular parameters under the conditions of the study. Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output and central venous pressure changes were measured 2, 5, 8 and 12 min after FLU or saline injection and compared with reference values collected before the start of the haemodynamic test. In the FLU group, the cardiovascular state of all the patients developed following the same pattern and the greatest differences were observed at 12 min post-injection. These differences, expressed as a percentage of the initial values were (* P less than 0.05; ** P less than 0.001; ns = non-significant): mean systemic arterial pressure: COR, -18% (**);MIT, -13% (*); AOR, -23% (**); heart rate: COR, 0% (ns); MIT, -10% (*); AOR, -12% (*); cardiac output: COR, -15% (**); MIT, -13% (*); AOR, -16% (**); stroke volume: COR, -12%(*);MIT, 0% (ns);AOR,-3%(ns). This shows some differences concerning the SV and heart rate changes in the valvular and COR patients. As compared to the data from the literature, most of the haemodynamic effects of FLU seem relatively independent of the initial level of consciousness.
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PMID:The haemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam in anaesthetized patients with valvular or coronary artery lesions. 612 62

The study investigated the influence of two different implants--the dynamic hip screw (AOR) 135 degrees with 2-hole-plate and the 135 degrees gamma-nail (HowmedicaR)--on the resulting stress and strain distributions in the proximal femur after stabilization of an idealized trochanteric fracture under typical physiological loading conditions. Data recorded for the uninjured femur were used for comparison. Two-dimensional plane stress finite element models of the femur and the implants were used for the calculations. The three-dimensional nature of this problem was approximated by an appropriate distribution of element thickness according to the real geometry in combination with an overlay technique, superimposing special finite element layers for each constituent of the bone-implant system (i.e. steel, cortical and cancellous bone). Three variations of the idealized fracture were introduced, i.e. free, with callous and bony bridging, the screw being modelled in a movable ('dynamic') as well as in a locked state. As far as the resulting stress distributions are concerned, neither of the two implants proved to be significantly superior to the other for stabilization of the idealized fracture selected.
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PMID:Finite element analysis of the stress distributions in the proximal end of the femur after stabilization of a pertrochanteric model fracture: a comparison of two implants. 749 80

Thermococcus strain ES-1 is a strictly anaerobic, hyperthermophilic archaeon that grows at temperatures up to 91 degrees C by the fermentation of peptides. It is obligately dependent upon elemental sulfur (S(o)) for growth, which it reduces to H2S. Cell extracts contain high aldehyde oxidation activity with viologen dyes as electron acceptors. The enzyme responsible, which we term aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR), has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. AOR is a homodimeric protein with a subunit M(r) of approximately 67,000. It contains molybdopterin and one W, four to five Fe, one Mg, and two P atoms per subunit. Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses of the reduced enzyme indicated the presence of a single [4Fe-4S]+ cluster with an S = 3/2 ground state. While AOR oxidized a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, those with the highest apparent kcat/Km values (> 10 microM-1S-1) were acetaldehyde, isovalerylaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde (Km values of < 100 microM). The apparent Km value for Thermococcus strain ES-1 ferredoxin was 10 microM (with crotonaldehyde as the substrate). Thermococcus strain ES-1 AOR also catalyzed the reduction of acetate (apparent Km of 1.8 mM) below pH 6.0 (with reduced methyl viologen as the electron donor) but at much less than 1% of the rate of the oxidative reaction (with benzyl viologen as the electron acceptor at pH 6.0 to 10.0). The properties of Thermococcus strain ES-1 AOR are very similar to those of AOR previously purified from the saccharolytic hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, in which AOR was proposed to oxidize glyceraldehyde as part of a novel glycolytic pathway (S. Mukund and M. W. W. Adams, J. Biol. Chem. 266:14208-14216, 1991). However, Thermococcus strain ES-1 is not known to metabolize carbohydrates, and glyceraldehyde was a very poor substrate (kcat/Km of < 0.2 microM-1S-1) for its AOR. The most efficient substrates for Thermococcus strain ES-1 AOR were the aldehyde derivatives of transaminated amino acids. This suggests that the enzyme functions to oxidize aldehydes generated during amino acid catabolism, although the possibility that AOR generates aldehydes from organic acids produced by fermentation cannot be ruled out.
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PMID:Purification, characterization, and metabolic function of tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic and proteolytic archaeon Thermococcus strain ES-1. 764 3

The hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis contain the tungstoenzymes aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homodimer, and formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a homotetramer. herein we report the cloning and sequencing of the P. furiosus gene aor (605 residues; M(r), 66,630) and the T. litoralis gene for (621 residues; M(r), 68,941).
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PMID:Molecular characterization of the genes encoding the tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Pyrococcus furiosus and formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Thermococcus litoralis. 764 12

Today's battleground requires round-the-clock air support. Modern aircraft systems enable tactical aircraft to be flown in all weather conditions, day or night, and for prolonged periods. U.S. Air Force Tactical Air Command (TAC) aircrew who deployed to the Southwest Asia Area of Responsibility (SWA AOR) for Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm were retrospectively surveyed to determine the extent and effectiveness of dextroamphetamine use in support of sustained flying operations. Surveys were sent in May 1991 to each tactical squadron that participated in Desert Storm. Of pilots who were surveyed, 65% used amphetamines during the deployment to the SWA AOR and/or during Operation Desert Storm. Pilots who used amphetamines in air operations described it as "occasional." The most frequent indications for amphetamine use were "aircrew fatigue" and "mission type." Of pilots who used amphetamines, 58-61% considered their use beneficial or essential to operations. Dextroamphetamine (5 mg every 4 h) was used effectively and without major side effects in tactical flying operations. Amphetamine use enhanced cockpit performance and flight safety by reducing the effect of fatigue during critical stages of flight.
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PMID:The use of amphetamines in U.S. Air Force tactical operations during Desert Shield and Storm. 748 18


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