Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.2.1.13 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 6,511 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-mortem biochemical analyses of dog lenses and of aqueous humour of a 2 year oral toxicity study in the dog with Fluvastatin (control, 1, 8 and 16 mg/kg/day) did not show any relationship to the observed lens opacities (3 animals out of 8 at 16 mg/kg/day). With respect to lens transparency, a daily dosage of 8 mg/kg/day Fluvastatin to dogs over a period of 2 years is non-cataractogenic. Mean data on lenticular enzyme activities (GPX, G6PH, GAPDH, ALD, AR, LDH, PFK and SDH) as well as measurements of GSH/GSSG, ATP, ADP, AMP, Gluc, Fruc, Sorb, G6P and F6P do not indicate changes which may directly lead to lens opacifications. Conformational changes of lens proteins (heat lability of PFK-activity), a shift in the albumin/IgG ratio of aqueous humour and equatorial lens protein composition changes (after isoelectrofocusing) were observed. The biological significance of these changes is unknown as the non-cataractogenic dose for lens opacities in beagle dogs is 8 mg/kg/day.
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PMID:Post-mortem biochemistry of beagle dog lenses after treatment with Fluvastatin (Sandoz) for 2 years at different dose levels. 215 8

This paper presents a study of the metabolic and contractile types of 34 samples from 30 muscles in five crossbred Pietrain-Large White pigs 6 to 7 months old. The activity of the following enzymes was measured: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), lactate dehydrogenase using high (LDH-h) or low (LDH-b) pyruvate concentrations in the reaction medium, citrate synthase (CS), and myofibrillar Ca-Mg activated ATPase. Haeminic iron and ultimate pH (pHu) were measured on the same samples. The results showed a negative, rather linear relationship between GAPDH, LDH and ATPase activities on the one hand and CS and haeminic iron on the other. Rather high correlations (r = 0.7 to 0.8) were observed between metabolic and contractile criteria and pHu; the red (slow) muscles had the highest pHu.
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PMID:[Enzyme metabolic and contractile activities of 30 pig muscles. Relation with the final ph attained after death]. 293 86

Isozyme analysis was carried out on Onchocerca volvulus worms collected from Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso and Sudan to see whether this technique could detect differences between forest and savannah populations of this parasite. A total of 243 forest and 189 savannah individual female worms were electrophoresed and stained for seven enzymes. Four showed some polymorphism, LDH, MDH, PGM and MPI and the other three, GAPDH, PEP and GPI were invariant. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the relative proportions of genotypes from within the different countries conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Pairwise comparisons of allele frequencies between countries showed that populations from Liberia and Ivory Coast had a very similar composition; there was some divergence between all the other pairs of populations and the genetic distance was calculated to summarize the degree of divergence. The number of loci examined was small and the genetic distances were within the range expected for separate geographical populations of the same species. The usefulness of this technique in worm identification is discussed.
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PMID:Onchocerca volvulus: enzyme polymorphism in relation to the differentiation of forest and savannah strains of this parasite. 302 65

To determine whether respiratory muscles undergo alterations in enzyme activities of energy metabolism as a result of increased mechanical activity, adult male Wistar rats were subjected to a prolonged endurance training program. Analysis off maximal enzyme activity patterns in the diaphragm following 15 weeks of extreme training (final running duration: 210 min per day, 27 m.min-1 at 15 degrees grade, indicated significant reductions in the marker enzymes of the citric acid cycle (citrate synthase), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), ketone body utilization (3-keto acid: CoA transferase) and transamination (glutamate pyruvate transaminase, GPT). No changes were found for the enzymes of glycogenolysis (phosphorylase, PHOSPH), glycolysis (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK) and beta-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl: CoA dehydrogenase, HAD) following training. In contrast, in the external intercostal muscle, increases in the range of 57-77% were noted for the enzymes CS and HAD, whereas in the internal intercostal muscles no training induced alteration was evident for these enzymes. For both the intercostal muscles, a consistent trend was noted towards a reduction in all of the glycolytic enzymes investigated, however, significantly lower values were recorded for only PK and LDH in the internal intercostals. GPT was increased in the internal intercostal muscles. These findings indicate that the response pattern observed in the enzyme activities studied following training are to some degree specific to the respiratory muscle investigated.
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PMID:Differential response of enzyme activities in rat diaphragm and intercostal muscles to exercise training. 337 43

We determined representative enzyme activities of glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase) glycolysis (d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH), beta oxidation of free fatty acids (1-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HADH), citric acid cycle (citrate synthase, CS), lactate fermentation (lactate dehydrogenase LDH), and creatine phosphate metabolism (creatine kinase, CK) in left ventricular samples of 36 patients to investigate if the metabolic capacities of the energy-supplying pathways are differently affected in different heart diseases. There were 17 patients with mitral valve diseases (MVD), 8 patients with aortic valve diseases (AVD), and 11 patients who suffered from dilative cardiomyopathies (DCM). The main metabolic characteristic on the level of enzymatic organization in patients with DCM was an increased ratio of GAPDH/HADH activities and a decreased ratio of HADH/CS activities compared to the valve-diseased patients. This result indicates that the capacity of glucose oxidation is enhanced at the expense of fatty acid metabolism in patients with DCM. Furthermore, we determined significantly lower myocardial CK activities in this group of patients, most probably reflecting a diminished content of myofibrils. Citrate synthase activity was lowest in patients with AVD. Although we cannot rule out that the impaired left ventricular function is in part responsible for the shift of the capacities of the energy-supplying metabolism in patients with DCM, we favor the assumption that it is a specific feature of this myocardial disease.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of myocardial enzyme activities of the energy-supplying metabolism in patients with dilative cardiomyopathies and valve diseases. 370 46

The isoenzyme patterns of LDH, MDH, PEP, PGM, MPI, GPI and GAPDH were compared for 3 species of cattle parasites Onchocerca gutturosa, O. gibsoni and O. lienalis from England, Australia and Mexico. LDH and GAPDH had identical patterns in each species but the other enzymes clearly distinguished between the species. PGM was the same in O. lienalis and O. gibsoni, but separated them from O. gutturosa. MPI and GPI had similar isoenzymes in O. gutturosa and O. gibsoni, but distinguished them from O. lienalis. Different isoenzyme patterns for all 3 species were obtained with MDH and PEP. The potential use of these techniques towards a better understanding of the epidemiology of human onchocerciasis is discussed.
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PMID:The identification of some Onchocerca spp of cattle by isoenzyme analysis. 621 76

1. Activities of several enzymes of glycolysis, glycerolphosphate cycle, TCA-cycle, beta-oxidation and pentose phosphate cycle were determined in pyloric caeca and ovaries of Asterias rubens during the reproductive cycle. 2. In the ovaries activities of CS and LDH were significantly decreased during ovarian stages 3 and 4, and those of GDH and GAPDH during stage 3 and 4, respectively. 3. In the pyloric caeca activities of GAPDH and LDH were lower in stage 4 and that of GDH in stage 3, whereas those of G6PDH and HOAD were increased in stage 3. 4. Changes observed in enzyme activities are discussed in relation to the reproductive cycle and to the multiple function of the pyloric caeca.
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PMID:Changes in the activities of selected enzymes of intermediary metabolism in the pyloric caeca and ovaries of asterias rubens during the annual reproductive cycle. 680 60

Changes in the activity of muscle enzymes of energy metabolism were studied in two groups of skiers (A, B) with a different sports performance (triosephosphate dehydrogenase-TPDH, lactate dehydrogenase-LDH, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-GPDH, hexokinase-HK, malate dehydrogenase-MDH, citrate synthase-CS, hydroxyacyl,CoA dehydrogenase-HOADH). 1. In a group of ski-runners (A) significantly higher activities of CS, MDH, HOADH in the preparatory period (October) and also at the end of the competition period (March) were found in athletes with higher sports performance. 2. Significantly lower activities of LDH, GPDH, MDH, CS, HOADH were found in downhill skiers (group B). 3. Some significant correlations were established, both between the activities of individual enzymes (TPDH, GPDH, HK, CS, HOADH) and between the enzymes and indicators of functional capacity (MDH, CS, HOADH, VO2max, HRmax, O2-pulse max, body fat, laboratory performance).
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PMID:Enzyme activity patterns of energy metabolism in skiers of different performance levels (M. quadriceps femoris). 720 Aug 74

It has been proposed that highly biosynthetic cells oxidize fatty acids to generate ATP while maintaining high levels of glucose metabolism through the glycolytic and pentose shunt systems to supply biosynthetic intermediates. We investigated the metabolic strategies and substrate for ATP production in the osteoclast. We used in situ quantitative microcytophotometric techniques to determine the maximal activity of the pentose shunt (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; G6PD), the glycolytic pathway (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase; G3PD and LDH), fatty acid oxidation (beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase; HOAD), and the Krebs cycle (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) in human osteoclasts in situ, and related these enzyme activities to the degree of involvement of the cells in resorption. Unlike other highly biosynthetic cells, such as chondrocytes and macrophage polykaryons, osteoclasts associated with bone resorption were deficient in G3PD, LDH, and G6PD activity. However, osteoclasts did demonstrate a capacity for fatty acid oxidation which increased in cells apposed to the bone surface. The lack of significant glycolytic and pentose shunt activity in the osteoclast provides good evidence that resorbing osteoclasts, unlike phagocytosing macrophage polykaryons, have the metabolic characteristics of cells with greatly reduced capabilities of de novo mRNA synthesis but which do maintain high rates of ATP production. The possibility that the loss of glycolytic activity is a prelude to cell death is discussed.
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PMID:Microcytophotometric analysis of human osteoclast metabolism: lack of activity in certain oxidative pathways indicates inability to sustain biosynthesis during resorption. 815 31

The ability of glycolytic enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), aldolase, pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase muscle-type (LDH(M)), to generate interactive microtubule networks was investigated. Bundles have previously been defined as the parallel alignment of several microtubules and are one form of microtubule networks. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy, interactive networks of microtubules as well as bundles were readily observed in the presence of GAPDH, aldolase, or PK. These networks appear morphologically as cross-linked microtubules, oriented in many different ways. Light scattering indicated that the muscle forms of GAPDH, aldolase, PK and LDH(m) caused formation of the microtubule networks. Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) and lactate dehydrogenase heart-type (LDH(H)), glycolytic enzymes which do not interact with tubulin or microtubules, did not produce bundles, or interactive networks. Sedimentation experiments confirmed that the enzymes that cross-link also co-pellet with the microtubules. Such cross-linking of microtubules indicate that the enzymes are multivalent with the capability of simultaneous binding to more than one microtubule.
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PMID:Glycolytic enzymes and assembly of microtubule networks. 852 27


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