Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.2.1.13 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)
 6,511 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrophoretic variants at four additional enzyme loci--two esterases (Est-2, Est-3), retinal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1) and mannose phosphate isomerase (MPI)--among three species and four subspecies of fish of the genus Xiphophorus were observed. Electrophoretic patterns in F1 hybrid heterozygotes confirmed the monomeric structures of MPI and the esterase and the tetrametric structure of LDH in these fishes. Variant alleles of all four loci displayed normal Mendelian segregation in backcross and F2 hybrids. Recombination data from backcross hybrids mapped with Haldane's mapping function indicate the four loci to be linked as Est-2--0.43--Est3--0.26--LDH-1--0.19--MPI. Significant interference was detected and apparently concentrated in the Est-3 to MPI region. No significant sex-specific differences in recombination were observed. This group (designated linkage group II) was shown to assort independently from the three loci of linkage group I (adenosine deaminase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) and from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and two isocitrate dehydrogenase loci. Evidence for conservation of the linkage group, at least in part, in other vertebrate species is presented.
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PMID:Polymorphisms, linkage and mapping of four enzyme loci in the fish genus Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae). 54 75

A total of 407 Leishmania and other Leishmania-like isolates obtained from patients, other vertebrates, sand fly vectors, and other arthropods from Kenya and other countries were characterized and compared with several World Health Organization and other well-characterized reference strains of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Crithidia, Herpetomonas, and Leptomonas by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE), using 20 enzyme systems. Analysis of the isoenzyme banding patterns (IBP) of the isolates generated isoenzyme profiles that were resolved as zymodemes and tabulated. Isolates that produced similar isoenzyme profiles in all 20 enzyme systems were placed into a particular Leishmania isoenzyme taxon, with the zymodeme designated numerically as Zn. A total of 66 zymodemes were recorded for the 407 isolates studied. To obviate the need to draw all 66 representative IBP for each of the 20 enzyme systems, the 66 zymodemes (Z1-Z66) were again placed into similarity groups represented by pattern number or Pn. This resulted in 23-50 IBP (Pn) per enzyme system. The highest number of IBP scored was for malate dehydrogenase (MDH) (P1-50) and the lowest score was for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) (P1-23). From these different isoenzyme profiles or zymodemes, IBP of 14 (MDH, GPI, nucleoside hydrolase, phosphoglucomutase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transferase/aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, fumarase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) of the 20 enzyme systems were selected for computer-calculated numerical taxonomy. Consistent individual isoenzyme bands with similar relative mobilities of the 14 enzyme systems were scored into groups (allelomorphs, allozymes, or electromorphs) and used in cluster analysis. For each pattern in every profile, the presence of a consistent band was entered as 1 and its absence as 0. A total of 419 allozyme characters (variables) were scored for the 14 enzyme systems. Lastly, all different zymodemes sharing a particular IBP (Pn) within an enzyme system were counted and the total number was shown as a zymodeme frequency (Zf). Final analysis of the CAE isoenzyme profiles and cluster-dendrograms resulted in the identification of several potentially new species and subspecies of Leishmania and other Leishmania-like isolates from patients, sand flies, and animal reservoir hosts collected from Kenya and other locations in Africa. Zymodeme analysis of the Kenyan visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis isolates resulted in the identification of 11 subpopulations of the L. donovani species complex and six subpopulations of the L. tropica species complex endemic to different geographic areas of Kenya.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization and zymodeme classification of Leishmania isolates from patients, vectors, and reservoir hosts in Kenya. 147 44

The linkage of loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) is described in fish of the genus Poecilia (Teleostei:Poeciliidae) and designated Poecilia linkage group I. These two loci were shown to assort independently from six other informative markers (peptidase S, malate dehydrogenase 2 [soluble], mannose phosphate isomerase, parvalbumin 2, phosphoglucomutase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2) within the limits of the data obtained. Data for the linkage analyses were generated by scoring starch-gel electrophoretic phenotypes of the eight loci in reciprocal backcross hybrids obtained from matings between Poecilia perugiae and P. vittata. The linkage chi 2 for G6PD-PGD locus pairs was significant (P less than 0.001) in all reciprocal backcross hybrid broods (22.7% recombinants in the combined data), indicating linkage in both parental species. The linkage of G6PD and PGD in gene maps of the poeciliid genera Xiphophorus and Poeciliopsis documents homology of this linkage within the family. Linkages in salmonid and centrarchid fishes suggest conservation of this linkage group in most or all teleosts. The six additional indpendently assorting loci have been assigned to independent linkage groups in Xiphophorus; thus, no example of poeciliid linkage group divergence has yet been identified.
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PMID:Linkage of two enzyme loci in the fish genus Poecilia (Teleostei:Poeciliidae). 150 35

Raps, Shirley (University of Illinois, Urbana) and R. D. DeMoss. Glycolytic enzymes in Zymomonas mobilis. J. Bacteriol. 84:115-118. 1962-An enzyme extract of Zymomonas mobilis (Pseudomonas lindneri) was capable of fermenting glucose-6-phosphate to CO(2) and ethanol. The extract was found to contain phosphohexoisomerase, aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, but no demonstrable phosphohexokinase. The lack of isotope-mixing found in earlier studies is, thus, explained on an enzymatic basis.
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PMID:Glycolytic enzymes in Zymomonas mobilis. 1449 Apr

Enzymes representative of, and related to, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been demonstrated in supernatant and lamellar fractions of Anabaena cylindrica cultured in the presence of atmospheric nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-assimilating algae contained essentially similar levels of most enzymes tested, with the notable exception of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which showed increased NADPH-linked activity with concomitant diminution of NADH-linked activity when ammonia was supplied. The provision of nitrite or nitrate caused significant enhancements of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and the related hexokinase and phosphohexoisomerase. Reduced activities of pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and both NADH and NADPH oxidoreductases were recorded for nitrate-grown alga.The stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway, at the partial expense of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, in algae cultured with nitrite and nitrate was interpreted to be due to additional NADPH requirements imposed by induced nitrite reductase. Modification of the pyridine nucleotide linkage of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the oxidoreductases was attributed to diversion of reductant to nitrite and nitrate reductases and nitrogenase. The results are considered to indicate regulation of blue-green algal metabolism determined by the availability of pyridine nucleotides.
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PMID:The influence of inorganic nitrogen supply on carbohydrate and related metabolism in the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. 2445 90