Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Active oxygens cause major tissue damages in a number of distress syndromes. Pentoxifyline (POF) and its metabolites, a methylxanthine derivative, are inhibitors of superoxide anion production in stimulated human leukocytes. Examination was made of the effects of POF on the genotoxic actions of active oxygens. The frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by paraquat (PQ), a generator of superoxide anions was significantly reduced in cultured Chinese hamster lung cells (CHL/IU) pretreated with POF. POF metabolite samples were also effective. Superoxide anion scavenging effect of POF were found at 0.1 mM, and it was more potent than that of POF metabolite samples. POF and its metabolite sample inhibited xanthine oxidase (XOD) at 1 mM but not at 0.1 mM. POF would thus appear to protect cells from the toxic effects of active oxygens on chromosomes and tissue damage by not only inhibition of active oxygen production in leukocytes but also by scavenging activity of active oxygens.
 ...
PMID:Effects of pentoxifylline on active oxygen-induced sister-chromatid exchange. 853 Dec 35

We investigated the effects of fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and on oxidative DNA damage in vitro, as well as the effects of the main fluvastatin metabolites (M2, M3, and M4) and other inhibitors of the same enzyme, pravastatin and simvastatin. The hydroxyl radical and the superoxide anion scavenging activities of fluvastatin and its metabolites were evaluated using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed superoxide anion scavenging activity in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and a strong scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radical produced from Fenton's reaction. Protective effects of fluvastatin on ROS-induced DNA damage of CHL/IU cells were assessed using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. CHL/IU cells were exposed to either hydrogen peroxide or t-butylhydroperoxide. Fluvastatin and its metabolites showed protective effects on DNA damage as potent as the reference antioxidants, ascorbic acid, trolox, and probucol, though pravastatin and simvastatin did not exert clear protective effects. These observations suggest that fluvastatin and its metabolites may have radical scavenging activity and the potential to protect cells against oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, ROS are thought to play a major role in the etiology of a wide variety of diseases such as cellular aging, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer development, so fluvastatin might reduce these risks.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin and its metabolites against oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cultured cells. 1181 30