Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both Trolox (a water-soluble analogue of alpha-tocopherol) and ascorbic acid were more effective than superoxide dismutase or catalase in protecting myocyte cell cultures from free radical attack (induced by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase). In a canine model of two hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by four hours of reperfusion, Trolox and ascorbic acid reduced the area of infarction within the area at risk. The Trolox group received 500 mL of deoxygenated saline solution containing 2.0 g of Trolox, 3.0 g of ascorbic acid, and 18 mg of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) infused into the ascending aorta 30 seconds before and four minutes after reperfusion. Saline controls received 500 mL of deoxygenated saline solution containing 18 mg of EDTA. The angioplasty group had unmodified reperfusion by simple release of the occlusion. The area at risk and the area infarcted were estimated with Evans blue and triphenyl tetrazolium hydrochloride stains, respectively. The ratio of the area infarcted to the area at risk was significantly lower with Trolox (angioplasty, 30.4% +/- 5.1%; saline, 20.8% +/- 2.9%; and Trolox, 8.7% +/- 4.0%; p less than 0.01). In summary, the antioxidants Trolox and ascorbic acid effectively reduced myocardial necrosis after ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial salvage with trolox and ascorbic acid for an acute evolving infarction. 271 29

Administration of physiological saline or drugs together with saline into the airways is becoming common clinical practice. However, there are few studies on possible side effects. We have studied the effects of saline, saline plus xanthine oxidase, and saline plus xanthine oxidase plus superoxidase dismutase on lung-thorax compliance and on arterial blood gases in anesthetized, paralyzed guinea pigs, ventilated for 2.5 h. Saline bolus (2-3 ml isotonic saline/kg body weight) into the airways reduced the compliance within 20 min to a mean of 39% of the pretreatment levels, and necessitated as increase in the respirator pressure. Saline plus xanthine oxidase decreased the compliance to 16% of the pretreatment levels. The xanthine oxidase-induced (but not saline-induced) decrease in lung compliance was relieved by superoxide dismutase. According to the present results xanthine oxidase induces a lung injury possible by production of free oxygen radicals. Superoxide dismutase can be valuable in prevention of free oxygen radical-mediated lung damage. Saline alone can be harmful when applied to the airways. This should be considered in clinical trials and in clinical practice.
 ...
PMID:Respiratory failure caused by intratracheal saline: additive effect of xanthine oxidase. 316 34

Enzymatic reactions are important for the synthesis of chiral molecules. One factor limiting synthetic applications of enzymes is the poor aqueous solubility of numerous substrates. To overcome this limitation, enzymes can be used directly in organic solvents; however, in nonaqueous media enzymes usually exhibit only a fraction of their aqueous-level activity. Salt-activation, a technique previously demonstrated to substantially increase the transesterification activity of hydrolytic enzymes in organic solvents, was applied to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, soybean peroxidase, galactose oxidase, and xanthine oxidase, which are oxidoreductase and oxygenase enzymes. Assays of the lyophilized enzyme preparations demonstrated that the presence of salt protected enzymes from irreversible inactivation. In organic solvents, there were significant increases in activity for the salt-activated enzymes compared to nonsalt-activated controls for every enzyme tested. The increased enzymatic activity in organic solvents was shown to result from a combination of protection against inactivation during the freeze-drying process and other as-yet undetermined factors.
 ...
PMID:Salt-activation of nonhydrolase enzymes for use in organic solvents. 1475 64

Denver, Tokyo, and Salt Lake City investigators recently published different complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) sequences for human liver xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XD/XO). The gene encoding the Denver cDNA was subsequently linked to juvenile familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JFALS) at chromosome 2q33 and has been proposed as the ALS2 locus. The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the differences between the three cDNA sequences, and we provide evidence that the Denver cDNA encodes aldehyde oxidase (AO): first, the Denver cDNA sequence diverged significantly from the Tokyo and Salt Lake City cDNA sequences which were very similar; second, the deduced protein sequence from the Denver cDNA was very similar to the amino acid sequence of purified rabbit liver AO protein; third, the deduced Denver protein sequence was 76% identical to the encoded 101 amino acid long peptides from partial cDNAs for rabbit and rat AO and 81.7% identical to 300 amino acids from an incomplete cDNA encoding bovine AO; fourth, the Denver gene was expressed in liver, kidney, lung, pancreas, prostate, testes, and ovary while the Tokyo XD gene was expressed predominantly in liver and small intestine; fifth, the Denver gene was previously mapped to chromosome 2q33 which is syntenic to the mouse AO locus on chromosome 1. Our results have revealed dramatic similarities in protein and DNA sequence in the human molybdenum hydroxylases, have uncovered unanticipated complexity in the human molybdenum hydroxylase genes, and advance the potential for AO derived oxygen radicals in JFALS and other human diseases.
...
PMID:Identification of the candidate ALS2 gene at chromosome 2q33 as a human aldehyde oxidase gene. 2740 28