Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (
xanthine oxidase
)
8,383
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Our previous study demonstrated that an impaired sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway contributed to cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction (MI). The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress may contribute to the impaired Shh pathway and cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice with MI. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice (C57/Bl6, male) and rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were used in the present study. Mice were randomly assigned to undergo ligation of the coronary artery or pseudosurgery. A potent antioxidant Tempol was administered
in vivo
and
in vitro
. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, capillary density by immunohistochemisty, percentage of myocardial infarct using Massons trichrome staining, reactive oxygen species detection using dihydroethidium dye or 2,7-dichlorofluorescein
diacetate
probe and protein expression levels of the Shh pathway by western blot analysis. The antioxidant Tempol was shown to significantly increase myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and patched-1 (Ptc1) at 7-18 weeks and improved cardiac function at 18 weeks in type 1 diabetic mice, as compared with mice receiving no drug treatment. Furthermore, myocardial protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 were significantly upregulated on day 7 after MI, and capillary density was enhanced. In addition, the percentage area of myocardial infarct was reduced, and the cardiac dysfunction and survival rate were improved on day 21 in diabetic mice treated with Tempol.
In vitro
, treatment of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with a mixture of
xanthine oxidase
and xanthine decreased protein expression levels of Shh and Ptc1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and Tempol attenuated this effect. These results indicate that oxidative stress may contribute to an impaired Shh pathway in type 1 diabetic mice, leading to diminished myocardial healing and cardiac dysfunction. Antioxidative strategies aimed at restoring the endogenous Shh pathway may offer a useful means for improving diabetic cardiac function.
...
PMID:Oxidative stress contributes to the impaired sonic hedgehog pathway in type 1 diabetic mice with myocardial infarction. 2664 May 46
Oryza meyeriana is a wild species of rice with high resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), but the detailed resistance mechanism is unclear. Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase (RCA) is an important enzyme that regulates photosynthesis by activating Rubisco. We have previously reported that
Xoo
infection induced the relocation of RCA from the chloroplast stroma to the thylakoid membrane in O. meyeriana, but the underlying regulating mechanism and physiological significance of this association remains unknown. In this study, "H
2
O
2
burst" with rapid and large increase in the amount of H
2
O
2
was found to be induced by Xoo invasion in the leaves of O. meyeriana. 3, 3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and oxidative 2, 7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein
diacetate
(H
2
DCFDA) staining experiments both showed that H
2
O
2
was generated in the chloroplast of O. meyeriana, and that this H
2
O
2
generation as well as Xoo resistance of the wild rice were dramatically dependent on light. H
2
O
2
, methyl viologen with light, and the xanthine-
xanthine oxidase
system all induced RCA to associate with the thylakoid membrane in vitro, which showed that H
2
O
2
could induce the relocation of RCA. In vitro experiments also showed that H
2
O
2
induced changes in both the RCA and thylakoid membrane that were required for them to associate and that this association only occurred in O. meyeriana and not in the susceptible cultivated rice. These results suggest that the association of RCA with the thylakoid membrane helps to protect the thylakoid membrane against oxidative damage from H
2
O
2
. Therefore, in addition to its universal function of activating Rubisco, RCA appears to play a novel role in the resistance of O. meyeriana to Xoo.
...
PMID:H
2
O
2
Induces Association of RCA with the Thylakoid Membrane to Enhance Resistance of Oryza meyeriana to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. 3152 48
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