Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The superoxide dismutating activity of the D-penicillamine copper complex was determined and compared with the activities of Cu-Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase in four O2 ground negative earth generating systems. I. Nitrite formation from hydroxylamine. II. Crocin destruction by xanthine/xanthine oxidase. III. Ethylene production by isolated chloroplasts. IV. Nitrite formation from hydroxylamine by chloroplasts in the presence of diquat (1, 1'-dimethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium dibromide). In all four test systems a high dismutative activity of the complex was found, which is not sensitive to KCN as demonstrated with test system III. The results are discussed with regard to the antiinflammatory activity of D-penicillamine.
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PMID:Determination of the superoxide dismutating activity of D-penicillamine copper. 66 84

The reactive oxygen species take role in pathogenesis of many diseases including hypoxia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and heart defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether crocin administration could protect kidney injury from oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups each containing 10 animals as follows: group 1, control group; group 2, diabetes mellitus (DM) group; and group 3, DM + crocin group. At the end of the study, trunk blood was collected to determine the plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). The kidney tissue was removed, and biochemical and histological changes were examined. Diabetes caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) contents (p < 0.01) when compared with control group in the rat kidneys. Crocin given to DM rats significantly decreased MDA (p < 0.01) and XO (p < 0.05) activities and elevated GSH (p < 0.05) contents when compared with DM group. Plasma levels of BUN and Cr were significantly higher in the DM group when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Pretreatment of the DM animals with crocin decreased the high level of serum Cr and BUN. Control group was normal in histological appearance, but congestion, severe inflammation, tubular desquamation, tubular necrosis, and hydropic degeneration in tubular cells were observed in the DM group. Histopathological changes markedly reduced, and appearance of kidney was nearly similar to control group in DM + crocin group. Our results show that crocin could be beneficial in reducing diabetes-induced renal injury.
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PMID:Protective effects of saffron (its active constituent, crocin) on nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 2492 68

The aim of the current study was to investigate the outcomes in a rat model of an acute swimming exercise induced oxidative stress in brain, kidney, liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles using supplementation with crocin. Rats were divided into the eight groups; Normal Control (NC: Untreated and did not swim), Crocin Control (CC: Received crocin and did not swim), Exercise-1 (E-1: Untreated and swam), Exercise-24 (E-24: Untreated and swam), Exercise-48 (E-48: Untreated and swam), Exercise+Crocin-1 (EC-1: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-24 (EC-24: Received crocin and swam), Exercise+Crocin-48 (EC-48: Received crocin and swam). The malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzymes levels increased after swimming in untreated and crocin treated groups, but there was a lower increase in crocin treated groups. The highest MDA levels in all tissues were observed in E-1 compared to all other groups. There were significant differences between control and exercise groups in MDA levels of tissues (p < 0.001). In contrast, there were significant differences between control and exercise groups in glutathione (GSH) levels of tissues.In addition, the crocin supplementation significantly increased GSH levels and decreased MDA and XO enzyme levels when compared to untreated exercise groups. Crocin can protect the tissues against exercise induced oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant activity (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 37).
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PMID:Saffron (its active constituent, crocin) supplementation attenuates lipid peroxidation and protects against tissue injury. 2754 39