Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The toxic effect and anti-tumor activity of B-3839, a new molecular combination of pyrimidine antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with the alkylating agent N-Chloroethyl-N-nitrosourea (BCNU), was compared to that of BCNU and 5-FU given alone and in physical combination. The tumor inhibitory effect of B-3839 was similar to that of BCNU given alone or combined with a low dose of 5-FU in the i.m. Walker tumor model. Furthermore, the bone marrow toxicity of BCNU was not significantly altered by either form of combination with 5-FU. The intestinal side effects, evaluated by measuring the decrease of marker enzyme (thymidine kinase, xanthine oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase) activities in isolated enterocytes, were dose-dependent and moderate. A significant, more than 30%, decrease occurred only if BCNU and 5-FU were given simultaneously or as B-3839. The molecular combination of the two drugs does not provide any additional advantage over their physical combination.
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PMID:Comparison of tumor growth inhibitory and toxic effects of a new fluorouracil--nitrosourea derivative (B-3839). 297 32

We report in detail the ontogeny and the response of antioxidant enzymes to glucocorticoids in the rat small intestine. Pregnant rats in the treatment group received four injections of dexamethasone starting on days 18, 19, or 20 of gestation; fetuses were killed 2 days later. Control rats were injected with 0.9% saline solution. Postnatal rats reaching 14, 19, and 104 days of age received four injections of hydrocortisone and were killed 2 days later. Age-matched controls were injected with 0.9% saline solution. The activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were measured in small intestines from fetal (20 and 21 days gestation), newborn, and older (aged 16, 21, and 106 days) rats. Xanthine oxidase rose with maturation; the major increase occurred on postnatal day 21. Catalase and superoxide dismutase rose minimally during intrauterine life. On day 16 postpartum, catalase and superoxide dismutase values were 160% and 60%, respectively, higher than at birth. Glucocorticoid administration stimulated maltase and sucrase activities, but had no effect on the antioxidant enzymes or xanthine oxidase.
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PMID:Maturation of antioxidant enzymes in rat small intestine: lack of glucocorticoid stimulation. 362 18

Wistar rats were treated with alkylating sugar alcohol derivatives, dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) and diacetyldyanhydrogalactitol (Diac-DAG), respectively. The drugs were intravenously administered as a single, bolus injection. The applied doses 2.5, 5, 10, 17 mg/kg DAG and 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg Diac-DAG were roughly equitoxic. The effect of these cytostatic agents was studied on the different marker enzymes (thymidine kinase, xanthine oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase) of the separated mucosa cells derived from the functional and proliferating zone of the small intestine. Both DAG and Diac-DAG inhibited the enzyme activities of the proliferating and mature enterocytes in a dose dependent fashion, primarily acting on the crypt specific thymidine kinase. The time dependent sequence in the biochemical alterations correlated well with the cytomorphological changes. The drug-induced damage was most pronounced 48 hours after a single treatment. The regeneration of the intestinal mucosa began on days 3 and 4 and was completed by day 7. Diac-DAG at equimolar concentration proved to be more toxic than DAG on the intestine as judged by the significantly higher decrease of protein content and xanthine oxidase activity.
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PMID:Enzymological and morphological changes in rat intestinal mucosa following treatment with alkylating sugar alcohol derivatives. 403 42

The influence of the treatment schedule of dianhydrogalactitol on its effect on the activity of mucosal enzymes in rat intestine was studied. The effect of a single high dose (10 mg/kg) was compared with that of repeated small doses (4 x 2.5 mg/kg) given at daily intervals. At 48 h after a single high dose the activities of thymidine kinase, which is a marker of dividing crypt cells, and of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, maltase, xanthine oxidase, which are markers of mature enterocytes, were strongly depressed. Even 96 h after the treatment low enzyme activities could be observed. Repeated small doses caused milder enzyme inhibition and almost total recovery had occurred by 96 h after administration of the last dose. The results indicate that fractionation of drug administration can reduce the toxic side-effects on the intestinal mucosa and might be partly responsible for the higher therapeutic index of such schedules in experimental tumor models.
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PMID:Effect of a single high dose and repeated small doses of dianhydrogalactitol (DAG; NSC-132313) on rat intestinal mucosa. 641 95