Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol and the non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent azapropazone on infarct size in rats, subjected to 48 h of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, were studied. Allopurinol (50 mg/kg i.p., twice daily from 24 h before to 48 h after LAD occlusion) and azapropazone (100 mg/kg i.p twice daily from 24 h before to 48 h after LAD occlusion) significantly reduced infarct size when compared to saline-treated rats. These data point towards involvement of xanthine oxidase derived free radicals in evolving myocardial infarction in rats; beneficial effect of azapropazone in this model may be related to the drug's ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase as well as various key neutrophil functions.
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PMID:Effect of azapropazone and allopurinol on myocardial infarct size in rats. 366 17

The influence of an intake of garlic powder (1% added to a standard chow for an 8 week period) on the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias under radical reperfusion was investigated in the isolated rat heart perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and the generating system hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) after the reopening of the LAD was significantly reduced in the garlic group as compared to the untreated controls (VF: 50% vs 89%). As this protective effect might relate to radical scavenging capacities, two in vitro radical generating test systems were chosen where the garlic activity could be determined. Dose-dependently, garlic was able to capture the radicals. Interestingly, only the garlic extract, was active. The ethanol extract hardly showed any radical scavenging ability. According to this result, we concluded that an intact alliin-alliinase system is important for the activity of garlic. Further investigations were done with different tissues under oxidative stress conditions. The kinetics of each organ, were measured chemiluminometrically. Especially liver and kidney of garlic fed rats showed inhibiting effects. Finally, an attempt was made to relate these radical scavenging and lipidperoxidation inhibiting effects to respective garlic compounds. Two substances, allylmercaptane and diallyldisulfide, were proposed.
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PMID:The radical scavenging ability of garlic examined in various models. 759 35

Previously, we have demonstrated the role of nucleoside transport and purine release in post-ischemic reperfusion injury (myocardial stunning) in several canine models of ischemia. Since rabbits are deficient of xanthine oxidase, it is not known whether selective blockade of purine release is beneficial in a rabbit model of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion (stunning). Therefore, we determined the hemodynamic and metabolic correlates in response to myocardial stunning in the presence or absence of selective nucleoside transport blocker (p-nitrobenzylthioinosine, NBMPR) and adenosine deaminase inhibitor (erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, EHNA). Sixty adult anaesthetized rabbits were surgically prepared for hemodynamic measurements. After stabilization period, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 15 min and reperfused for 30 min. Transmural myocardial biopsies were obtained from the ischemic LAD area and from the non-ischemic posterior (circumflex, CFX) segment of the myocardium. Rabbits (n = 60) were randomly assigned to either the control or the EHNA/NBMPR-treated group (n = 30 each). Each group was further divided to either functional or metabolic groups (n = 15 each subgroup). Each animal received intravenously 30 ml of either a vehicle solution or 100 M EHNA and 25 M NBMPR 10 min before ischemia. Although administration of EHNA/NBMPR did not affect the heart rate, it did cause mild hypotension (about 20-30%). Fifteen minutes of LAD occlusion resulted in significant ATP depletion and concomitant accumulation of nucleosides in both groups (p < 0.05 vs. baseline and non-ischemic CFX segment). AMP was higher in the LAD compared to the CFX segment. Significant accumulation of adenosine was observed in the treated group compared to the control group. It is concluded that EHNA/NBMPR induced site specific entrapment of adenosine of nucleoside transport in the rabbit heart, in vivo.
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PMID:Role of nucleoside transport and purine release in a rabbit model of myocardial stunning. 954 41