Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase)
 8,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cholesterol enrichment of rat liver mitochondria (CHM) impairs atractyloside-induced mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) due to decreased membrane fluidity. In this study we addressed the effect of cholesterol enrichment on MPT induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion generated by xanthine plus xanthine oxidase triggered mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release in CHM, which was prevented by butylated hydroxytoluene, an anti-voltage-dependent anion channel antibody, or cyclosporin A. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide generated by the combination of ganglioside GD3 and mitochondrial GSH depletion elicited mitochondrial swelling and release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo and apoptosis-inducing factor in control mitochondria and CHM. Thus, ROS induce MPT and apoptosome activation regardless of decreased mitochondrial membrane dynamics due to cholesterol enrichment.
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PMID:Mitochondrial permeability transition induced by reactive oxygen species is independent of cholesterol-regulated membrane fluidity. 1498 99

Phytochemicals show promise as potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents against various cancers. Here we report the chemotherapeutic effects of berberine, a phytochemical, on human prostate cancer cells. The treatment of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with berberine induced dose-dependent apoptosis but this effect of berberine was not seen in non-neoplastic human prostate epithelial cells (PWR-1E). Berberine-induced apoptosis was associated with the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of apoptogenic molecules (cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO) from mitochondria and cleavage of caspase-9,-3 and PARP proteins. This effect of berberine on prostate cancer cells was initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) irrespective of their androgen responsiveness, and the generation of ROS was through the increased induction of xanthine oxidase. Treatment of cells with allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, inhibited berberine-induced oxidative stress in cancer cells. Berberine-induced apoptosis was blocked in the presence of antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, through the prevention of disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO. In conclusion, the present study reveals that the berberine-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer cells is regulated by reactive oxygen species, and therefore suggests that berberine may be considered for further studies as a promising therapeutic candidate for prostate cancer.
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PMID:Berberine-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species generation. 1827 80