Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.17.1.4 (xanthine dehydrogenase)
 1,236 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that, in man, free radicals play a role in a variety of normal regulatory systems, the deregulation of which may play an important role in inflammation. As examples, we discuss the second messenger roles of: NO in the regulation of vascular tone, O2.- in fibroblast proliferation and H2O2 in the activation of transcription factors such as NF kappa B. Other control mechanisms, the physiological function of which may be perturbed in inflammation, include: the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein, the oxidative inactivation of alpha-1-protease inhibitor, DNA damage/repair and heat shock protein synthesis. At sites of inflammation, increased free radical activity is associated with the activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase and/or the uncoupling of a variety of redox systems, including endothelial cell xanthine dehydrogenase. Although free radicals, thus produced, have the capacity to mediate tissue destruction, either alone or in concert with proteases, we argue that disturbances in the second messenger and regulatory activities of free radicals may also contribute significantly to the inflammatory process.
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PMID:Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. 822 Oct 19

Caffeine is toxic to most microorganisms. However, some filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus tamarii, are able to metabolize this alkaloid when fed caffeine as the sole nitrogen source. The aim of the present work was to identify intracellular A. tamarii proteins, regulated by caffeine, using fluorescence difference two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Specific proteins from two culture media of A. tamarii grown either on ammonium sulfate or caffeine as the sole nitrogen source were analysed by mass spectrometry. Thirteen out of a total of 85 differentially expressed spots were identified after database search. Identified up-regulated proteins include phosphoglycerate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, dyp-type peroxidase family protein, heat shock protein, Cu, Zn superoxidase dismutase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Some of the proteins identified in this study are involved in the caffeine degradation pathway as well as in stress response, suggesting that stress proteins could be involved in caffeine metabolism in filamentous fungi.
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PMID:Initial proteome analysis of caffeine-induced proteins in Aspergillus tamarii using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. 2239 96