Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.16.3.1 (ceruloplasmin)
 5,074 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many specific plasma proteins show dose-related changes when oral estrogens are administered. Large increases in concentration are seen in many important binding proteins, such as the sex hormone-binding globulin, transcortin, the retinol-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin. A smaller group of plasma proteins are reduced in amount. These changes are related to altered rates of hepatic synthesis and secretion. As the overall effect of estrogen is one of increased protein synthesis, there is a reduction in the amount of plasma-free amino acids and in the pattern of distribution. Oral contraceptive (OC) users frequently show significant alterations in biochemical tests of vitamin status, at least some of which are related to alterations in plasma proteins. Other biochemical changes associated with OC use include a fasting hyperlipidemia, due mainly to increases in triglycerides, although there is often also a small increase in cholesterol. These changes are due primarily to increases in several lipoprotein fractions and are related mainly to the estrogen component. A deterioration in glucose tolerance occurs in many OC users and is probably induced by both estrogens and progestogens. There is evidence that certain clinical side effects of OCs, such as depression, are associated with specific biochemical changes.
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PMID:Biochemical basis for the selection of oral contraceptives. 3 19

Plasma concentrations of various physiologically important proteins, including transferrin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, transcortin, sex hormone-binding globulin, thyroxin-binding globulin, renin-substrate, fibrinogen, coagulation factors VII and VIII, antithrombin-III, plasminogen, prealbumin, albumin, retinol-binding protein, and lipoprotein fractions, were measured before treatment with oral contraceptives (OCs) and then again after 6 cycles of treatment to measure changes in the daily synthesis rate of 2 proteins, albumin and fibrinogen, under the influence of various OC formulations. Results are presented for 38 women using high-dose (50 mcg estrogen) preparations, 38 using low-dose (30 mcg estrogen preparations), and 20 using a continuous-dose progestagen-only minipill (30 mcg levonorgestrel). Most of the proteins measured showed significant alterations in women using the high-dose OCs. Changes with the lower dose product were less marked, and most proteins were unchanged in women using the minipill. (For example, synthesis rates of fibrinogen, mg/kg/day, for controls, high-, low-, and mini-dose subjects were: 24, 43, 28, and 25 respectively). Data from isotope studies indicated that synthetic estrogens act on liver synthesis and secretion rates for many plasma proteins; hence the clinical associations seen with OC use.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and plasma protein metabolism. 22 92

Analysis of 25 plasma proteins was performed on blood drawn from 7 females before and during treatment with danazol. This steroid was found to induce a pattern of plasma protein changes similar to but not identical with that of other 17 alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids. For comparison, the same 25 plasma proteins were analyzed in blood from pregnant women in their third trimester, when the estrogen influence on plasma protein synthesis is most pronounced. Five major types of response were found. 1) Albumin and orosomucoid were not influenced by danazol or, after correction for volume expansion, by pregnancy. 2) Prealbumin, C1-esterase inhibitor, and haptoglobins increased substantially during danazol treatment but were not significantly influenced by pregnancy. 3) Transferrin, antithrombin III, prothrombin, and plasminogen showed marked increases after administration of danazol and during pregnancy. 4) Transcortin, ceruloplasmin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin doubled in pregnancy but were not influenced by danazol. 5) The concentrations of T4-binding globulin, pregnancy zone protein, and sex hormone-binding globulin more than doubled in pregnancy, and all three decreased to one third or less on administration of danazol. The plasma estradiol content fell correspondingly. The different types of plasma protein response found in these two groups of patients fit the hypothesis that hepatocytes contain steroid receptors capable of reacting with estrogens and/or other steroids such as danazol and, thus, influence the biosynthetic rate of many but not all plasma proteins according to a specific pattern. The synthesis of some of the estrogen-sensitive proteins is depressed after intake of danazol, which suggests that there is a competition for the receptors in the hepatocytes as there is for other estrogen target tissues.
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PMID:A comparison of plasma protein changes induced by danazol, pregnancy, and estrogens. 48 12

Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin, transcortin, thyroxine binding globulin, transthyretin together with retinol binding protein, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and albumin were measured sequentially in pregnant women in order to derive more definite suppositions relating to the prime function of hormone binding proteins. Thus, the fact that except for transthyretin all other specific hormone binding proteins exhibited appreciable but significantly variable increases would suggest: a) the apparent existence of more complex mechanisms regulating protein metabolism during pregnancy than hitherto postulated (i.e. the general notion of an integrated estrogen influence); b) a major and distinctive role for each of the hormone binding proteins is plausible since alterations in hormonal requirements by the fetus as pregnancy progresses can not be provided by the almost constant transplacental transfer rate of the "free" hormone moiety.
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PMID:Consideration on some hormone binding proteins patterns during pregnancy. 204 64

Seventeen healthy women received a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of levonorgestrel or a combination of 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.150 mg of desogestrel for 2 years as oral contraception. Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin, transcortin, ceruloplasmin, and pregnancy-associated protein were measured before contraception, during 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of treatment, and 2 months after stopping the pill. Oral contraception with both preparations induced a similar, significant rise in both ceruloplasmin and pregnancy-associated protein. Sex hormone binding globulin levels rose significantly with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel, but not with the ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel combination. Transcortin increased with both preparations, more with the ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination.
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PMID:Progestagen-dependent effect on some plasma proteins during oral contraception. 296 33

Nineteen fertile women were treated with three differently composed oral contraceptives in a cross-over study and were randomly allocated to begin with one of the three preparations. The tablets contained 0.030 mg ethinylestradiol +0.15 mg desogestrel alone (A) or in combination with either 0.5 mg estriol (B) or 2 mg estriol (C). After two treatment cycles on each preparation, blood samples were obtained and analysed for ceruloplasmin, SHBG, prealbumin, transcortin and thyroxine-binding globulin. No differences were found in the induction of liver protein synthesis. It was concluded that the addition of estriol in doses of 0.5 or 2 mg did not influence the effects induced by ethinylestradiol.
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PMID:Ethinylestradiol and desogestrel, alone or in combination with two doses of estriol. Effects on plasma proteins. 297 59

The effects of the new progestagen desogestrel on the changes induced by ethinyloestradiol (EE) on the serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), transcortin, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin were studied in healthy female volunteers. Desogestrel (0.125 mg or 0.250 mg) administered in combination with 0.050 mg EE was compared with 0.050 mg EE alone. After 7 and 14 days the three regimens induced similar changes in the serum levels of transcortin, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. Desogestrel at a dose level used in oral contraceptives did not inhibit the EE-induced increase in SHBG capacity while its influence on this parameter at twice the clinical dosage (0.250 mg) used was still minor. It can be concluded that with respect to the parameters studied desogestrel in the clinical dosage used has no detectable oestrogenic or androgenic effect.
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PMID:Short-term effects of desogestrel and ethinyloestradiol on serum proteins in women. 624 44

The effects of the oral contraceptive combinations 0.125 mg Org 2969 (desogestrel) (13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol) + 0.05 mg ethinyloestradiol (EE) and 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.05 mg EE on serum sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), ceruloplasmin, transcortin and ratio free testosterone over total testosterone (percentage free testosterone) and ratio free 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone over total 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (percentage free 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone) were compared in healthy female volunteers. Treatment was randomly distributed over the volunteers; 11 women received Org 2969 + EE and 11 women received levonorgestrel + EE. These combinations induced similar increases in transcortin levels (115 and 140%) and ceruloplasmin levels (115 and 123%) after 3 months of treatment. However, the combination Org 2969 + EE induced a substantial increase (213%) in SHBG capacity after 3 months of treatment, whereas a smaller increase (80%) was observed with levonorgestrel + EE. A return to pretreatment values was observed 2 months after termination of treatment for all parameters. The difference in the effects of both preparations oh SHBG was statistically significant and can be best explained by a difference in the androgenicity of the progestogens. A good correlation was free testosterone and the reciprocal value of the percentage free 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. These results confirm that SHBG is the major regulator of the biologically active free androgen fraction in women before, during and after combined oral contraceptive treatment.
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PMID:Effects of oral contraceptive combinations containing levonorgestrel or desogestrel on serum proteins and androgen binding. 646 16

The effect of oestriol (3 mg for 3 mth), oestradiol valerate (2 mg for 3 mth) and ethinyloestradiol (0.025 mg for 21 days) on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), transcortin, ceruloplasmin and pregnancy-associated macro-globulin (PAG) was analysed in oestrogen-deficient women. The doses of oestrogens were therapeutically effective for the treatment of oestrogen-deficiency symptoms. Treatment with 0.025 mg ethinyloestradiol induced a 281% increase in PAG, a 119% increase in SHBG, a 74% increase in transcortin and a 74% increase in ceruloplasmin levels. Administration of 2 mg oestradiol valerate resulted in a 40% increase in SHBG, a small increase in transcortin and ceruloplasmin, whereas PAG levels remained unaffected. None of the parameters tested were affected by oestriol treatment. PAG was clearly the most sensitive parameter for ethinyloestradiol while SHBG was the most sensitive parameter for oestradiol valerate. These results show no relationship between clinical efficacy and effect of plasma protein synthesis, and demonstrate that one has to be very careful when comparing potency estimates for different oestrogens and different parameters.
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PMID:Effect of oestriol, oestradiol valerate and ethinyloestradiol on serum proteins in oestrogen-deficient women. 719 9

A combined oral contraceptive (OC, Restovar, Organon) containing 0.0375 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.75 mg lynestrenol was investigated. Various clinical and laboratory variables were studied in 164 women over 1376 treatment cycles. No pregnancies occurred. In common with other low-dose combined preparations, Restovar also caused some intermenstrual bleeding but acceptability was good in the majority of women. The frequency of general complaints was low. The estrogen-sensitive proteins, ceruloplasmin and transcortin, increased in proportion to the estrogen content of the preparation. The estrogen-androgen-sensitive proteins, sex hormone binding globulin, and thyroxin binding globulin, increased to a rather high level. Free testosterone decreased significantly. The elevation of sex hormone binding globulin level was accompanied by a decrease in free testosterone. The strong increases in sex hormone binding globulin and thyroxin binding globulin indicate that the preparation has a very low androgenic activity. The latter was confirmed in 2 women with initially low sex hormone binding globulin levels who showed a marked improvement in hirsutism and acne during treatment; this improvement was correlated with an increase in sex hormone binding globulin and decreased free testosterone levels.
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PMID:Restovar--new low-dose, combined, oral contraceptive. Effects on serum proteins, free testosterone and clinical efficacy. 1226 1


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